#1
Which of the following is a common sign of myocardial infarction (heart attack)?
Chest pain
ExplanationClassic symptom due to reduced blood flow to the heart.
#2
What is the normal range for resting heart rate in adults?
60-100 beats per minute
ExplanationIndicator of cardiovascular health and fitness.
#3
Which medication is commonly used to treat hypertension?
Beta-blockers
ExplanationEffective in lowering blood pressure by blocking adrenaline.
#4
What does the term 'auscultation' mean in cardiovascular assessment?
Listening to sounds within the body
ExplanationEssential for detecting heart murmurs and abnormal rhythms.
#5
What is the purpose of the Modified Borg Scale in cardiovascular assessment?
To assess dyspnea (shortness of breath)
ExplanationQuantifies the severity of breathlessness.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease?
Regular exercise
ExplanationRegular exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.
#7
Which artery is often used for cardiac catheterization procedures?
Femoral artery
ExplanationAccessible and allows for easy insertion of catheters.
#8
Which condition is characterized by an irregular heartbeat that may lead to blood clots, stroke, or heart failure?
Atrial fibrillation
ExplanationIncreases the risk of thromboembolic events.
#9
What is the primary goal of pharmacological interventions in heart failure management?
To reduce fluid retention
ExplanationDecreasing preload and afterload to improve cardiac function.
#10
What is the main purpose of thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction?
To prevent further blood clot formation
ExplanationRestoring blood flow to prevent tissue necrosis.
#11
Which of the following is a common side effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?
Dry cough
ExplanationOccurs due to increased bradykinin levels.
#12
What is the primary function of a pacemaker in cardiac arrhythmia management?
To regulate the heart rate
ExplanationEnsures a consistent and appropriate heart rhythm.