#1
Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
High blood pressure
ExplanationHypertension increases strain on the heart and blood vessels.
#2
What is the normal range for blood pressure in adults?
120/80 mmHg
ExplanationNormal blood pressure range indicative of healthy cardiovascular function.
#3
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Obesity
ExplanationObesity can be controlled through lifestyle changes to reduce cardiovascular risk.
#4
What is the primary function of statin medications in cardiovascular health?
Reducing cholesterol levels
ExplanationStatins help lower LDL cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of heart disease.
#5
What is the role of aspirin in preventing cardiovascular events?
Inhibiting blood clot formation
ExplanationAspirin helps prevent blood clot formation, reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
#6
Which of the following lipoproteins is often referred to as 'bad' cholesterol?
LDL
ExplanationHigh levels of LDL cholesterol contribute to plaque buildup in arteries.
#7
What is the leading cause of death in individuals with cardiovascular disease?
Heart attack
ExplanationHeart attacks result from blocked blood flow to the heart muscle.
#8
What is the medical term for a heart attack?
Myocardial infarction
ExplanationMyocardial infarction refers to tissue death in the heart due to lack of blood supply.
#9
Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors in the blood?
Vitamin K
ExplanationVitamin K aids in the production of clotting factors, crucial for blood clot formation.
#10
Which of the following is a potential complication of atrial fibrillation?
Blood clots
ExplanationAtrial fibrillation increases the risk of blood clots forming in the heart.
#11
Which lifestyle choice is NOT associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease?
Excessive alcohol consumption
ExplanationExcessive alcohol intake can increase blood pressure and contribute to heart disease.
#12
What is the term for the condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively?
Heart failure
ExplanationHeart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
#13
Which of the following is a common symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
Leg cramps during activity
ExplanationReduced blood flow to the legs can cause cramping during physical exertion.
#14
What is the recommended daily intake of sodium for a person with hypertension?
1500 mg
ExplanationLower sodium intake helps manage blood pressure, crucial for hypertensive individuals.
#15
Which imaging technique is commonly used to diagnose blockages in coronary arteries?
Coronary angiography
ExplanationCoronary angiography provides detailed images of coronary arteries to detect blockages.