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Cardiovascular Emergency and Treatment Considerations Quiz

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#1

Which of the following is a common symptom of a myocardial infarction?

Chest pain
Explanation

Characteristic symptom due to ischemia of the heart muscle.

#2

Which medication is considered a beta-blocker and is commonly used in the management of hypertension and heart failure?

Metoprolol
Explanation

Blocks the effects of adrenaline, reducing heart rate and blood pressure.

#3

What is the recommended compression-to-ventilation ratio in adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?

30:2
Explanation

Optimal ratio for effective chest compressions and ventilation.

#4

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD)?

High HDL cholesterol
Explanation

High HDL cholesterol is protective against CAD.

#5

What is the first-line medication for acute management of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)?

Adenosine
Explanation

Acts rapidly to restore normal heart rhythm.

#6

What is the recommended initial treatment for a patient experiencing an acute ischemic stroke?

Thrombolytic therapy
Explanation

Aims to dissolve blood clots obstructing blood flow to the brain.

#7

Which electrocardiogram (ECG) finding is characteristic of atrial fibrillation?

Irregular rhythm with absent P waves
Explanation

Reflects chaotic electrical activity in the atria.

#8

Which of the following is a common side effect of nitroglycerin administration in the treatment of angina?

Headache
Explanation

Vasodilation leading to headache due to increased blood flow.

#9

Which medication is commonly administered to reduce preload in patients with heart failure?

Furosemide
Explanation

Reduces fluid volume in the body, decreasing preload.

#10

What is the recommended first-line treatment for stable angina?

Beta-blockers
Explanation

Reduces myocardial oxygen demand and improves symptoms.

#11

Which type of shock is characterized by inadequate cardiac output despite normal or elevated preload?

Cardiogenic shock
Explanation

Heart's inability to pump effectively despite adequate preload.

#12

What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?

Hypoxia and bradycardia
Explanation

Insufficient oxygen and slow heart rate leading to cardiac arrest.

#13

Which imaging modality is the gold standard for diagnosing a pulmonary embolism?

Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)
Explanation

Highly sensitive and specific for detecting pulmonary emboli.

#14

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of a myocardial infarction?

Pulmonary embolism
Explanation

Pulmonary embolism is not directly related to MI.

#15

Which of the following medications is a direct thrombin inhibitor used in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes?

Dabigatran
Explanation

Prevents blood clots from forming or growing larger.

#16

What is the primary mechanism of action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure?

Blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Explanation

Reduces vasoconstriction and sodium/water retention.

#17

Which medication is commonly used as a vasopressor in the management of hypotension during septic shock?

Norepinephrine
Explanation

Raises blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction.

#18

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a thoracic aortic aneurysm?

Hypertension
Explanation

High blood pressure can weaken the walls of the aorta.

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