#1
Which of the following is a common symptom of a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?
Sudden severe chest pain
ExplanationCharacterized by abrupt onset of intense chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart.
#2
Which of the following medications is commonly used as a blood thinner in cardiovascular emergencies?
Warfarin
ExplanationAnticoagulant that inhibits blood clot formation.
#3
What is the recommended sequence of actions in the management of a suspected myocardial infarction?
Call emergency services, administer aspirin, monitor vital signs
ExplanationPrompt actions to improve outcomes.
#4
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of a pulmonary embolism?
Gradual onset of shortness of breath
ExplanationSlow development of breathing difficulty.
#5
Which of the following is a primary symptom of an aortic dissection?
Sharp, tearing chest pain
ExplanationSevere, distinct pain due to a tear in the aorta.
#6
What is the first-line treatment for ventricular fibrillation?
Defibrillation
ExplanationImmediate delivery of an electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm.
#7
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Regular exercise
ExplanationRegular exercise is a protective factor, not a risk factor for heart disease.
#8
What is the purpose of administering oxygen during a cardiovascular emergency?
To improve oxygenation of tissues
ExplanationEnhances oxygen delivery to vital organs.
#9
What is the most common initial rhythm in sudden cardiac arrest?
Ventricular fibrillation
ExplanationAbnormal heart rhythm leading to ineffective pumping.
#10
What is the primary goal of prehospital management in cardiovascular emergencies?
Stabilize the patient's condition
ExplanationCritical for preventing further deterioration.
#11
What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest in young athletes?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
ExplanationA condition where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, leading to arrhythmias.
#12
What is the recommended depth for chest compressions during CPR in adults?
3-4 inches
ExplanationAdequate depth ensures effective circulation.
#13
What is the recommended ratio of compressions to ventilations during CPR in adults?
30:2
ExplanationOptimal cycle for chest compressions and ventilation.
#14
Which of the following is a potential complication of defibrillation?
Cardiac tamponade
ExplanationRare but serious; excess fluid around the heart.
#15
What is the recommended initial dose of epinephrine in the treatment of cardiac arrest?
1 mg
ExplanationAdministered to stimulate heart activity.