#1
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing cancer?
Smoking tobacco
ExplanationDirectly linked to carcinogenic substances that cause cellular mutations.
#2
What is the most common type of cancer in men worldwide?
Lung cancer
ExplanationPrimarily attributed to smoking and exposure to carcinogens.
#3
What is the term for a non-cancerous tumor?
Benign tumor
ExplanationNon-invasive and unlikely to spread to other parts of the body.
#4
Which of the following is a common side effect of chemotherapy?
Hair loss
ExplanationChemotherapy affects rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicles.
#5
What is the primary cause of skin cancer?
UV radiation
ExplanationExposure to UV radiation from sunlight or tanning beds damages skin cells.
#6
Which cancer type is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in the breast tissue?
Breast carcinoma
ExplanationA malignant tumor originating in breast tissue.
#7
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of cancer?
Frequent urination
ExplanationTypical symptoms include unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and pain.
#8
Which of the following is NOT a method of cancer treatment?
Antibiotic therapy
ExplanationAntibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, not cancer.
#9
What is the process called when cancer spreads from one part of the body to another?
Metastasis
ExplanationThe spreading of cancer cells, often leading to secondary tumors.
#10
What is the purpose of a PET scan in cancer diagnosis?
To visualize metabolic activity
ExplanationHighlights areas of increased metabolic activity, indicative of cancerous growth.
#11
Which of the following viruses is associated with cervical cancer?
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
ExplanationHPV infections are linked to the development of cervical cancer.
#12
Which type of skin cancer is most aggressive and likely to metastasize?
Melanoma
ExplanationHas a high potential to spread and can be fatal if not detected early.
#13
What is the primary cause of most cases of lung cancer?
Secondhand smoke
ExplanationExposure to smoke from burning tobacco products is a significant risk factor.
#14
What is the term for the process of using a patient's own immune system to fight cancer?
Immunotherapy
ExplanationHarnesses the body's immune response to target and destroy cancer cells.
#15
Which oncogene is commonly associated with breast cancer?
HER2
ExplanationAn oncogene that promotes the uncontrolled growth of breast cancer cells.
#16
What is the main function of a tumor suppressor gene?
Inhibiting cell division
ExplanationRegulates cell growth and division, preventing the formation of tumors.
#17
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of malignant tumors?
Invasive growth
ExplanationMalignant tumors invade surrounding tissues and can spread to distant sites.
#18
Which organ is most commonly affected by metastatic cancer?
Liver
ExplanationDue to its role in filtering blood, the liver is often a site of metastasis.
#19
What is the function of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes?
Repairing damaged DNA
ExplanationCritical for maintaining the stability of the genome and preventing mutations.