Behaviorism and Psychological Theories Quiz

John Watson is regarded as the father of behaviorism for his emphasis on observable behavior and rejection of introspection.

Behaviorism emphasizes that learning is reflected in observable changes in behavior, focusing on external outcomes.

John Watson conducted the Little Albert experiment, demonstrating classical conditioning by inducing fear in a young child through pairing a neutral stimulus with a frightening one.

Radical behaviorism, proposed by B.F. Skinner, focuses solely on observable behavior, rejecting the consideration of internal mental processes.

The Law of Effect, proposed by Edward Thorndike, states that behaviors followed by favorable consequences are more likely to be repeated, while those followed by unfavorable consequences are less likely to recur.

Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior as the primary subject matter of psychology, excluding internal processes.

Ivan Pavlov introduced the concept of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs, demonstrating how associations are formed between stimuli.

Albert Bandura proposed social learning theory, highlighting the importance of observational learning and modeling in behavior acquisition.

Extinction in behaviorism refers to the decrease in the occurrence of a behavior when reinforcement is no longer provided.

Behaviorism is criticized for its neglect of cognitive processes such as thoughts and feelings, focusing solely on observable behavior.

Behaviorism posits that the environment is the primary influence in shaping behavior, with learning driven by external stimuli and consequences.

B.F. Skinner is associated with operant conditioning, focusing on how behavior is shaped by consequences such as reinforcement and punishment.

In behaviorism, a primary reinforcer is a stimulus, like food, that naturally satisfies a biological need and reinforces behavior.

B.F. Skinner developed the concept of schedules of reinforcement, describing different patterns of delivering reinforcement to modify behavior.

Shaping in behaviorism involves gradually guiding an organism to exhibit a desired behavior through reinforcement of successive approximations.

Stimulus generalization in behaviorism refers to responding to stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus in a similar manner.

Joseph Wolpe developed systematic desensitization, a behavioral therapy technique for treating phobias by gradually exposing individuals to fear-inducing stimuli in a controlled manner.