#1
What is the fundamental principle behind classical conditioning?
Associative learning
ExplanationAssociations are formed between stimuli resulting in a learned response.
#2
Which theorist is associated with the concept of hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationAbraham Maslow proposed the theory of hierarchy of needs.
#3
What is the fundamental idea behind classical conditioning?
Associations are formed between stimuli resulting in a learned response
ExplanationClassical conditioning involves forming associations between stimuli, leading to learned responses.
#4
Which theorist is known for proposing the theory of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationB.F. Skinner is the proponent of the theory of operant conditioning.
#5
What is the main principle behind reinforcement in behaviorism?
Increasing the likelihood of a behavior being repeated
ExplanationReinforcement in behaviorism aims to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
#6
In operant conditioning, what is negative reinforcement?
Removing something to increase behavior
ExplanationNegative reinforcement involves the removal of a stimulus to strengthen a behavior.
#7
According to social cognitive theory, what is self-efficacy?
The belief in one's own ability to succeed
ExplanationSelf-efficacy is the belief in one's capability to successfully execute tasks.
#8
What is the bystander effect in social psychology?
The tendency for individuals to feel less responsible to help when others are present
ExplanationThe bystander effect is the reduced likelihood of intervention in an emergency when others are present.
#9
What is the primary difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
Intrinsic motivation comes from within, while extrinsic motivation comes from external rewards
ExplanationIntrinsic motivation is driven by internal factors, while extrinsic motivation is based on external rewards.
#10
What does the Bobo doll experiment illustrate?
The effects of observational learning on aggression
ExplanationThe Bobo doll experiment demonstrates the impact of observational learning on aggressive behavior.
#11
What is the main focus of behaviorism?
Observable behavior
ExplanationBehaviorism emphasizes the study and observation of observable behaviors.
#12
Which concept suggests that people are motivated to maintain a state of consistency between their beliefs and behaviors?
Cognitive dissonance theory
ExplanationCognitive dissonance theory posits that individuals seek consistency between their beliefs and actions.
#13
What does the Stanford prison experiment demonstrate about human behavior?
The importance of social roles and situations in shaping behavior
ExplanationThe Stanford prison experiment illustrates how social roles and situations can significantly influence human behavior.
#14
Which type of reinforcement schedule is associated with the highest rate of response?
Variable-ratio schedule
ExplanationA variable-ratio schedule, where reinforcement occurs after an unpredictable number of responses, leads to the highest response rate.
#15
Which of the following is NOT a component of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?
Unconscious impulses
ExplanationAlbert Bandura's social cognitive theory does not include the concept of unconscious impulses.