#1
Which type of reinforcement involves adding something unpleasant to decrease the likelihood of a behavior?
Punishment
ExplanationAdding unpleasant consequences to reduce behavior.
#2
What is the term for the gradual disappearance of a learned behavior when it is no longer reinforced?
Extinction
ExplanationDiminishing behavior after no reinforcement.
#3
Which reinforcement schedule provides reinforcement after a fixed amount of time has elapsed?
Fixed interval schedule
ExplanationReinforcement at set time intervals.
#4
What is the term for the process of reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior?
Shaping
ExplanationReinforcing steps toward desired behavior.
#5
In behavioral reinforcement, what is a primary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that satisfies a biological need or drive
ExplanationA fundamental reinforcer meeting biological needs.
#6
What is the concept of shaping in behavioral reinforcement?
The gradual process of reinforcing behaviors that approximate the desired behavior
ExplanationReinforcing steps toward desired behavior.
#7
What is the term for the process of gradually reducing the frequency or strength of a behavior by making the reinforcement contingent on the occurrence of that behavior?
Extinction
ExplanationDecreasing behavior with withheld reinforcement.
#8
In behavioral reinforcement, what is the term for a stimulus that decreases the probability of a behavior's recurrence?
Punisher
ExplanationStimulus decreasing behavior likelihood.
#9
In operant conditioning, what is a variable ratio schedule?
A reinforcement schedule where reinforcement is provided after an unpredictable number of responses
ExplanationReward after varying responses.
#10
What is the concept of generalization in behavioral reinforcement?
The tendency for a behavior to be elicited by similar stimuli, not just the original stimulus that evoked the behavior
ExplanationBehavior response to similar stimuli.
#11
What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?
Negative reinforcement removes something unpleasant to increase behavior, while punishment adds something unpleasant to decrease behavior.
ExplanationRemoving unpleasant stimuli vs. adding unpleasant stimuli to modify behavior.
#12
What is the term for the process of reinforcing a behavior only in the presence of a specific stimulus?
Discrimination
ExplanationReinforcing behavior in specific circumstances.