#1
What is the primary goal of behavioral reinforcement?
To strengthen desired behaviors
ExplanationReinforcement aims to strengthen desired behaviors.
#2
Which type of reinforcement involves removing something unpleasant to increase the likelihood of a behavior?
Negative reinforcement
ExplanationNegative reinforcement removes aversive stimuli to boost behavior.
#3
Which type of reinforcement involves the presentation of an aversive stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior?
Punishment
ExplanationPunishment decreases behavior by introducing aversive stimuli.
#4
Which term describes the process of learning to respond only to a specific stimulus and not to other similar stimuli?
Discrimination
ExplanationDiscrimination is learning to respond selectively to specific stimuli.
#5
Which type of reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior?
Negative reinforcement
ExplanationNegative reinforcement boosts behavior by eliminating aversive stimuli.
#6
Which type of reinforcement involves adding something desirable to increase the likelihood of a behavior?
Positive reinforcement
ExplanationPositive reinforcement adds desirable stimuli to boost behavior.
#7
In behavioral psychology, what does 'shaping' refer to?
Modifying behavior by reinforcing successive approximations to the desired behavior
ExplanationShaping adjusts behavior by rewarding gradual approximations to the target behavior.
#8
Which psychologist is credited with the concept of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationB.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning.
#9
What is the term for the gradual disappearance of a learned behavior when reinforcement is withheld?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction refers to the fading of learned behavior due to lack of reinforcement.
#10
Which term refers to the tendency for behavior to occur in situations similar to those in which it has been reinforced?
Generalization
ExplanationGeneralization is the tendency for behaviors to occur in settings similar to where they were reinforced.
#11
Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?
Money
ExplanationMoney is a secondary reinforcer, acquiring value through association with primary reinforcers.
#12
What is the term for the process of reducing a behavior's occurrence by removing a desired stimulus?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction decreases behavior by eliminating previously reinforcing stimuli.
#13
Which schedule of reinforcement provides reinforcement after a variable number of responses?
Variable ratio
ExplanationVariable ratio reinforcement rewards behavior after an unpredictable number of responses.
#14
In classical conditioning, what term describes the process of a previously extinguished response reemerging after the presentation of the conditioned stimulus?
Spontaneous recovery
ExplanationSpontaneous recovery is the reappearance of an extinguished response after the conditioned stimulus is reintroduced.
#15
Which schedule of reinforcement provides reinforcement after a fixed period of time?
Fixed interval
ExplanationFixed interval reinforcement provides rewards after consistent time intervals.