#1
Which psychologist is known for proposing the operant conditioning theory?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationOperant conditioning theory is associated with B.F. Skinner.
#2
Who is known for the hierarchy of needs, proposing that individuals are motivated by different levels of needs ranging from basic survival to self-actualization?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationAbraham Maslow is known for the hierarchy of needs, which proposes that individuals are motivated by different levels of needs.
#3
What is the concept of classical conditioning primarily associated with?
Associative learning
ExplanationClassical conditioning is primarily associated with associative learning.
#4
In the context of behaviorism, what does the 'law of effect' state?
Positive reinforcement strengthens a behavior
ExplanationThe law of effect states that positive reinforcement strengthens a behavior in behaviorism.
#5
What is the term for the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction is the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response.
#6
According to the 'cognitive dissonance' theory, individuals are motivated to reduce the discomfort caused by inconsistency between:
Beliefs and attitudes
ExplanationCognitive dissonance theory states that individuals are motivated to reduce discomfort caused by inconsistency between beliefs and attitudes.
#7
Which psychologist is known for the concept of 'self-concept,' suggesting that individuals have an organized set of perceptions and beliefs about themselves?
Carl Rogers
ExplanationCarl Rogers is known for the concept of self-concept, suggesting that individuals have an organized set of perceptions and beliefs about themselves.
#8
In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response?
The automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus
ExplanationThe unconditioned response in classical conditioning is the automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus.
#9
Which term refers to the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus?
Generalization
ExplanationGeneralization refers to the tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus.
#10
According to Albert Bandura, what is the process by which individuals learn by observing others and modeling their behavior?
Social learning
ExplanationSocial learning is the process by which individuals learn by observing others and modeling their behavior, according to Albert Bandura.
#11
In the context of behaviorism, what is shaping?
The process of teaching complex behaviors by breaking them into smaller, manageable steps
ExplanationShaping is the process of teaching complex behaviors by breaking them into smaller, manageable steps in behaviorism.
#12
Who is associated with the concept of 'self-efficacy' as a belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationAlbert Bandura is associated with the concept of self-efficacy, a belief in one's ability to succeed.
#13
What does the term 'cognitive restructuring' refer to in the context of cognitive-behavioral therapy?
Modifying maladaptive thoughts and beliefs
ExplanationCognitive restructuring refers to modifying maladaptive thoughts and beliefs in cognitive-behavioral therapy.
#14
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts, feelings, or motives to others?
Projection
ExplanationProjection is the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts, feelings, or motives to others.