#1
Which psychologist is famously associated with the concept of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationB.F. Skinner is associated with operant conditioning.
#2
What is the primary difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning involves involuntary responses, while operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviors.
ExplanationClassical conditioning is for involuntary responses, while operant conditioning is for voluntary behaviors.
#3
In operant conditioning, what is a reinforcer?
A stimulus that is inherently satisfying and strengthens the response it follows
ExplanationA reinforcer in operant conditioning is a satisfying stimulus that strengthens a response.
#4
What is the term used to describe the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction is the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response.
#5
What is the term used to describe the process of gradually shaping a desired behavior through reinforcement of successive approximations?
Shaping
ExplanationShaping is the process of gradually achieving a desired behavior through reinforcing successive approximations.
#6
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
Removing an aversive noise when a rat presses a lever
ExplanationNegative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to strengthen a behavior, such as removing noise when a rat presses a lever.
#7
Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?
Taking away a teenager's phone for breaking curfew
ExplanationPositive punishment involves adding an aversive stimulus, such as taking away a teenager's phone for breaking curfew.
#8
What is a primary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that is inherently satisfying and does not require learning to be pleasurable
ExplanationA primary reinforcer is inherently satisfying and doesn't require learning to be pleasurable.
#9
In operant conditioning, what is a secondary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that has been previously associated with a primary reinforcer
ExplanationA secondary reinforcer is associated with a primary reinforcer.