#1
What is stimulus generalization?
The process of responding to a new stimulus as if it were the original learned stimulus
ExplanationResponding to new stimuli as if they were original.
#2
In classical conditioning, what is typically used to evoke a response?
A conditioned stimulus
ExplanationStimulus used to trigger a response.
#3
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the process of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?
Acquisition
ExplanationPairing neutral stimulus with unconditioned to trigger response.
#4
In operant conditioning, what is a punishment?
A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior
ExplanationConsequence reducing behavior likelihood.
#5
Which of the following best describes classical conditioning?
Learning through the association of stimuli and responses
ExplanationAssociation of stimuli and responses.
#6
Which of the following best describes behavioral generality?
The tendency of a learned behavior to be displayed in a variety of situations similar to the one in which it was learned
ExplanationLearned behavior displayed in similar situations.
#7
Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination?
A cat responding to the sound of a can opener but not to a car horn
ExplanationResponding differently to similar stimuli.
#8
In operant conditioning, what is negative reinforcement?
The removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior
ExplanationRemoving unpleasant stimulus to encourage behavior.
#9
What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning involves involuntary responses, while operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviors
ExplanationInvoluntary vs. voluntary responses.
#10
In the context of operant conditioning, what is shaping?
The process of gradually molding a desired behavior by reinforcing successive approximations
ExplanationMolding behavior through gradual reinforcement.
#11
What is a primary reinforcer in operant conditioning?
A reinforcer that is inherently satisfying, such as food or water
ExplanationInherently satisfying reinforcer.
#12
Which of the following is an example of a conditioned reinforcer?
Money
ExplanationReinforcer gained through association.
#13
What is the term for the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
ExplanationWeakening of response without reinforcement.
#14
What is the term for the process of responding less strongly to a stimulus over time?
Habituation
ExplanationDecreased response to repeated stimulus.
#15
Which of the following is an example of spontaneous recovery?
A dog salivating at the sound of a bell after being conditioned to do so
ExplanationReturn of conditioned response after extinction.
#16
What is the term for the process of reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior until the desired behavior is reached?
Shaping
ExplanationReinforcing steps toward desired behavior.
#17
Which of the following best describes stimulus discrimination?
Responding differently to similar stimuli
ExplanationDifferential response to similar stimuli.
#18
What is a conditioned response in classical conditioning?
A response that is initially neutral but becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus
ExplanationInitially neutral response associated with stimulus.
#19
In operant conditioning, what is negative punishment?
The removal of something pleasant to decrease the likelihood of a behavior
ExplanationRemoving pleasant stimulus to deter behavior.
#20
What is the term for the process of associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?
Acquisition
ExplanationLinking neutral stimulus with response trigger.
#21
What is the term for the process of reducing a learned response by removing or withholding reinforcement?
Extinction
ExplanationDecreasing learned response through lack of reinforcement.
#22
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates higher-order conditioning?
A dog salivating at the sound of a bell after it has been repeatedly paired with food
ExplanationConditioned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
#23
What is the term for the reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction?
Spontaneous recovery
ExplanationReappearance of a response after extinction.
#24
Which of the following best describes latent learning?
Learning that occurs without reinforcement and is not immediately reflected in behavior
ExplanationLearning without immediate behavior change.
#25
Which of the following is an example of higher-order conditioning?
A dog salivating at the sound of a bell after it has been repeatedly paired with food
ExplanationConditioned response to previously neutral stimulus.