#1
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing group cohesion?
Individual motivation
ExplanationIndividual motivation focuses on personal drives rather than group dynamics.
#2
Which of the following is a characteristic of a high-performing group?
Openness to diverse perspectives
ExplanationHigh-performing groups exhibit openness to diverse viewpoints, fostering creativity and innovation.
#3
Which of the following factors can lead to social loafing?
High group cohesion
ExplanationHigh group cohesion, if not balanced with individual accountability, can lead to social loafing.
#4
What is the term for the tendency of group members to exert more effort when working collectively on a task compared to when working individually?
Social facilitation
ExplanationSocial facilitation is the tendency for improved performance on simple tasks or well-learned behaviors when in the presence of others.
#5
Which factor is NOT typically associated with increased group cohesion?
High turnover rate
ExplanationHigh turnover rates disrupt group cohesion, as constant changes in membership hinder trust and bonding.
#6
What is the term for the tendency of group members to conform to the group's norms or standards?
Normative influence
ExplanationNormative influence is the pressure to conform to group norms to gain acceptance or approval.
#7
What term refers to the tendency for individuals to exert less effort in a group setting?
Social loafing
ExplanationSocial loafing occurs when individuals reduce their effort in a group, relying on others to compensate.
#8
Which theory posits that individuals compare their opinions and abilities to those of others in order to form accurate evaluations of themselves?
Social comparison theory
ExplanationSocial comparison theory suggests individuals evaluate themselves by comparing to others for self-assessment.
#9
What term describes the tendency for individuals to conform to the group's decision despite personal doubts?
Conformity
ExplanationConformity is the inclination to align one's beliefs or behaviors with the group, often despite personal reservations.
#10
Which factor contributes to groupthink?
Homogeneity of group members
ExplanationGroupthink is facilitated by group homogeneity, reducing dissent and promoting conformity.
#11
What term describes the tendency for group members to seek consensus at the expense of critical thinking?
Groupthink
ExplanationGroupthink describes the drive for unanimity overriding realistic appraisal, often stifling dissent and critical evaluation.
#12
Which theory suggests that individuals categorize themselves and others into social groups, leading to ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination?
Social identity theory
ExplanationSocial identity theory explains how individuals derive self-esteem from group membership, leading to bias favoring ingroups over outgroups.
#13
What is the term for a phenomenon where group discussion leads to more extreme views among members?
Group polarization
ExplanationGroup polarization occurs when group discussion amplifies initial inclinations, leading to more extreme decisions.
#14
In the context of group decision-making, what is 'groupthink'?
A decision-making process characterized by excessive agreement to maintain harmony
ExplanationGroupthink is marked by a desire for harmony leading to dysfunctional decision-making and conformity.
#15
What is the term for the tendency for individuals to perform better when in the presence of others?
Social facilitation
ExplanationSocial facilitation refers to improved performance on simple or well-rehearsed tasks in the presence of others.
#16
According to Tuckman's stages of group development, which stage involves establishing trust and defining roles?
Norming
ExplanationNorming is the stage in group development marked by cohesion, trust-building, and role clarification.
#17
What phenomenon occurs when group members become less efficient as the size of the group increases?
Ringelmann effect
ExplanationThe Ringelmann effect describes decreased individual effort in larger groups, resulting in diminished overall performance.
#18
What is the term for a group's collective belief that it is superior to other groups?
Ethnocentrism
ExplanationEthnocentrism is the tendency for groups to judge others based on their own cultural norms, often leading to a sense of superiority.