#1
What is the primary focus of behavioral development?
Observable actions and reactions
ExplanationBehavioral development centers on observable actions and reactions.
#2
Which of the following is a key concept in attachment theory?
Stranger anxiety
ExplanationStranger anxiety is a key concept in attachment theory.
#3
What is the concept of 'theory of mind' in the context of behavioral development?
Understanding others' thoughts and emotions
ExplanationTheory of mind involves understanding others' thoughts and emotions in behavioral development.
#4
What is the term for a child's ability to understand that changing the appearance of an object does not change its fundamental properties?
Conservation
ExplanationConservation refers to a child's understanding that altering an object's appearance does not change its fundamental properties.
#5
Which of the following is a characteristic of authoritative parenting?
High demandingness, high responsiveness
ExplanationAuthoritative parenting is characterized by high demandingness and high responsiveness.
#6
Which theorist is associated with the concept of classical conditioning?
John Watson
ExplanationJohn Watson is linked with classical conditioning.
#7
What is the term for the process of learning by observing others' behaviors?
Social learning
ExplanationSocial learning involves learning through observing others' behaviors.
#8
In the context of behavioral development, what does the term 'scaffolding' refer to?
Gradual guidance and support in learning
ExplanationScaffolding refers to providing gradual guidance and support in learning.
#9
Which developmental psychologist is known for the stages of psychosocial development?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErik Erikson is renowned for his stages of psychosocial development.
#10
Which of the following is a critical period in language development during early childhood?
Infancy
ExplanationInfancy is a critical period in language development during early childhood.
#11
Who proposed the concept of the 'Zone of Proximal Development'?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationLev Vygotsky introduced the concept of the 'Zone of Proximal Development'.
#12
Which attachment style is characterized by low anxiety and low avoidance?
Secure
ExplanationSecure attachment style is characterized by low anxiety and low avoidance.
#13
According to Erik Erikson, what is the main developmental task during the stage of adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationErik Erikson identifies the main task of adolescence as Identity vs. Role Confusion.
#14
What is the term for a form of learning where a behavior is strengthened or weakened based on its consequences?
Operant conditioning
ExplanationOperant conditioning involves strengthening or weakening behavior based on consequences.
#15
What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment refers to the emotional bond between an infant and their primary caregiver.
#16
According to Jean Piaget, during which stage do children begin to use logical reasoning and understand conservation?
Concrete operational stage
ExplanationDuring the concrete operational stage, children develop logical reasoning and grasp conservation, according to Jean Piaget.
#17
What is the term for a child's tendency to apply existing mental patterns to new situations?
Assimilation
ExplanationAssimilation is when a child applies existing mental patterns to new situations.
#18
In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, what is the highest level of moral reasoning?
Postconventional level
ExplanationThe highest level of moral reasoning in Kohlberg's theory is the postconventional level.
#19
What is the term for the ability to understand that other people may have beliefs and perspectives different from one's own?
Theory of Mind
ExplanationTheory of Mind is the ability to understand differing beliefs and perspectives from one's own.