#1
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Adding a reward
ExplanationStrengthening behavior by presenting a pleasant stimulus.
#2
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
Taking away privileges
ExplanationIncreasing behavior by removing something aversive.
#3
What is the term for the process of strengthening a behavior by presenting a stimulus following the behavior?
Positive reinforcement
ExplanationIncreasing behavior by adding something pleasant.
#4
Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?
Money
ExplanationRewards gained value through association.
#5
Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?
Taking away privileges
ExplanationDecreasing behavior by removing something valued.
#6
In behavior analysis, what does the term 'extinction' refer to?
Decreasing a behavior's frequency by removing reinforcement
ExplanationWeakening behavior by removing rewards.
#7
What is the concept of 'shaping' in behavioral analysis?
Gradually reinforcing closer approximations to a desired behavior
ExplanationTeaching complex behaviors by rewarding successive steps.
#8
What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning focuses on involuntary responses, while operant conditioning deals with voluntary behaviors.
ExplanationClassical - involuntary; Operant - voluntary.
#9
In behavioral analysis, what is the purpose of a discriminative stimulus?
To signal when a behavior will or will not be reinforced
ExplanationIndicating when a behavior will be rewarded or not.
#10
What is the term for the process of reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior?
Successive approximation
ExplanationRewarding steps toward target behavior.
#11
Which reinforcement schedule is characterized by reinforcing a behavior after a fixed number of responses?
Fixed Ratio
ExplanationReinforcing after a consistent number of actions.
#12
What is the term for the process of weakening a behavior by removing a stimulus or ending a pleasant event?
Negative punishment
ExplanationDecreasing behavior by taking away something desired.
#13
What is the term for the reappearance of a previously extinguished behavior after a period of time?
Spontaneous recovery
ExplanationBehavior's return after its extinction.
#14
Which type of reinforcement schedule is most resistant to extinction?
Variable Ratio
ExplanationRandomly rewarding behaviors, hard to extinguish.
#15
Which type of reinforcement schedule is characterized by reinforcing a behavior after a variable amount of time has elapsed?
Variable Interval
ExplanationRewarding after unpredictable time intervals.