#1
Which of the following is NOT a component of classical conditioning according to Pavlov?
Neutral stimulus
ExplanationElement that doesn't evoke a response initially in classical conditioning.
#2
What is the term for learning by observing others' behavior and its consequences?
Social learning theory
ExplanationLearning through observation and imitation of others' behavior.
#3
Who is known for the development of classical conditioning with his experiments involving dogs?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationScientist famous for his work on classical conditioning, notably with dogs.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a type of reinforcement schedule?
Random interval
ExplanationType of reinforcement schedule not recognized among the established types.
#5
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the initially neutral stimulus that eventually elicits a conditioned response?
Conditioned stimulus
ExplanationInitially neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus to elicit a response.
#6
Which psychologist is best known for his research on operant conditioning and the Skinner Box?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationRenowned psychologist associated with operant conditioning and the development of the Skinner Box.
#7
What is the term for a form of learning where a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative consequences?
Operant conditioning
ExplanationLearning through consequences, where behavior is modified by rewards or punishments.
#8
What is the term for the process of reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior?
Shaping
ExplanationGradual reinforcement of behaviors that lead to a desired outcome.
#9
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic types of reinforcement schedules?
Variable interval
ExplanationNot a fundamental type of reinforcement schedule; variable interval is not among them.
#10
According to the theory of planned behavior, what influences an individual's behavioral intentions?
All of the above
ExplanationVarious factors, including attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, influence behavioral intentions.
#11
In behaviorism, what is the term for a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus?
Conditioned response
ExplanationLearned reaction to a stimulus that was initially neutral.
#12
What is the term for the tendency to seek out or be attracted to experiences that are novel or exciting?
Sensation-seeking
ExplanationTendency to pursue novel or thrilling experiences.
#13
Which concept suggests that the strength of a learned behavior is determined by the reinforcement value of the consequence?
Reinforcement value theory
ExplanationTheory proposing that the significance of reinforcement determines the strength of learned behavior.
#14
Which term describes the tendency to respond differently to two or more similar stimuli?
Discrimination
ExplanationAbility to differentiate between similar stimuli and respond selectively.
#15
According to Bandura's social learning theory, what mediates between stimulus and response?
Cognition
ExplanationMental processes, such as perception and interpretation, mediate between stimulus and response in social learning.