#1
Which of the following is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology?
Operant conditioning
ExplanationLearning through consequences, reinforcing desired behaviors.
#2
Who is considered the father of behaviorism?
John B. Watson
ExplanationPioneer in behaviorism, famous for 'Little Albert' experiment.
#3
What is the term for a type of learning in which a behavior is strengthened by the immediate consequence that follows?
Operant conditioning
ExplanationLearning through consequences, reinforcement or punishment.
#4
Who introduced the concept of the 'social learning theory'?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationEmphasized role of observation and imitation in learning.
#5
Who proposed the theory of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationDemonstrated associative learning through experiments with dogs.
#6
Which reinforcement schedule is most resistant to extinction?
Variable-ratio
ExplanationRandomly rewarding behaviors, hard to predict when reward will come.
#7
What is the process of gradually reducing the frequency or strength of a behavior by withholding reinforcement called?
Extinction
ExplanationBehavior fades when rewards are no longer given.
#8
Which of the following best describes negative reinforcement?
Removing something unpleasant to increase a behavior
ExplanationEncouraging behavior by removing aversive stimulus.
#9
According to behaviorism, behavior is primarily influenced by:
Environmental stimuli
ExplanationExternal factors shape behavior.
#10
What is the term for a stimulus that naturally triggers a response?
Unconditioned stimulus
ExplanationElicits response without prior learning.
#11
In classical conditioning, what term describes the initial stage when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus?
Acquisition
ExplanationNeutral stimulus linked with unconditioned stimulus to evoke response.