Basic Concepts in Chemistry and Biology Quiz

Au is the chemical symbol for gold, derived from the Latin word 'aurum'.

Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouse of the cell' because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Silicon is the most abundant element in Earth's crust, making up about 28% of its mass.

The chemical formula for water is H2O, indicating that each molecule of water consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom.

Carbon has an atomic number of 6, which means it has 6 protons in its nucleus.

One of the primary functions of proteins is enzyme catalysis, where proteins act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in cells.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in lipid synthesis, protein folding, and the transport of synthesized proteins.

One characteristic of acids is that they turn blue litmus paper red, indicating their acidic nature.

An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.

The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6, indicating that each molecule of glucose consists of 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms.

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein in cells.

The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with values ranging from 0 to 14.

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for transport to their final destinations.

The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction; it can only change forms.