#1
What is classical conditioning?
Learning by association
ExplanationAssociative learning through pairing of stimuli.
#2
Which scientist is famous for his experiment with dogs demonstrating classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationPavlov's dogs associated bell ringing with food, demonstrating classical conditioning.
#3
What is the term for a behavior that occurs naturally in response to a given stimulus?
Instinct
ExplanationInnate behavioral response to specific stimuli.
#4
Which of the following is an example of a fixed action pattern?
A bird building a nest
ExplanationInnate sequence of actions triggered by a specific stimulus.
#5
What is the term for the process by which animals become less responsive to a stimulus after repeated exposure?
Habituation
ExplanationDecreased response to a stimulus after prolonged exposure.
#6
What is operant conditioning?
Learning by reinforcement
ExplanationLearning through consequences such as rewards or punishments.
#7
Who introduced the concept of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationSkinner's research focused on behavior modification through reinforcement.
#8
In classical conditioning, what is the neutral stimulus that eventually elicits a response called?
Conditioned stimulus
ExplanationInitially neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus.
#9
What is the phenomenon where a response decreases in frequency or stops altogether if it is no longer reinforced?
Extinction
ExplanationDiminishing of a learned response when reinforcement ceases.
#10
What is the term for the process of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?
Acquisition
ExplanationInitial stage of classical conditioning where the neutral stimulus is associated with the unconditioned stimulus.
#11
What is the term for learning that occurs without the necessity of reinforcement?
Insight learning
ExplanationProblem-solving through sudden understanding without trial and error.
#12
Which type of learning involves acquiring new behaviors through observing others?
Observational learning
ExplanationLearning by watching and imitating others' actions.
#13
What is the term for the ability to learn, solve problems, and make decisions?
Intelligence
ExplanationCapacity for learning, understanding, and applying knowledge.
#14
What is the term for a type of learning that occurs rapidly as a result of understanding the relationships between various parts of a problem?
Insight learning
ExplanationSudden realization leading to solution without trial and error.
#15
What is the term for a type of learning that involves understanding relationships between elements and solving problems quickly?
Insight learning
ExplanationProblem-solving through comprehension of underlying relationships.