#1
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a long bone?
Haversian canals
ExplanationMicroscopic canals that provide passageways for blood vessels and nerves.
#2
What type of tissue covers the surface of epiphyses in long bones, reducing friction in joints?
Articular cartilage
ExplanationSmooth, flexible tissue cushioning the ends of bones at joints.
#3
Which of the following best describes the diaphysis of a long bone?
The shaft or long main portion
ExplanationLong cylindrical portion, providing support and strength to the bone.
#4
Which structure connects the periosteum to the underlying bone, securing blood vessels and nerves?
Sharpey's fibers
ExplanationFibers attaching the periosteum to bone, providing structural support.
#5
What is the primary mineral component of bone tissue that provides strength and hardness?
Calcium
ExplanationMineral crucial for bone strength, hardness, and cellular functions.
#6
What is the primary function of the periosteum in a long bone?
Nutrient storage
ExplanationProtective membrane providing nutrients and participating in bone repair.
#7
Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption?
Osteoclast
ExplanationCells that break down bone tissue during remodeling.
#8
The medullary cavity of a long bone is primarily filled with what?
Yellow marrow
ExplanationFat storage tissue found in the central cavity of long bones.
#9
Which nutrient artery enters the diaphysis of a long bone?
Nutrient artery
ExplanationArtery providing nutrients to the bone's central region.
#10
What is the function of the epiphyseal plate in a growing long bone?
Promotes bone lengthening
ExplanationLayer of cartilage allowing longitudinal growth of bones until adulthood.
#11
What is the function of red marrow in long bones?
Blood cell production
ExplanationSite for the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
#12
Which zone of the growth plate is responsible for cell proliferation?
Zone of proliferation
ExplanationRegion where cells rapidly multiply, lengthening the bone.
#13
Endochondral ossification is responsible for the formation of:
Long bones
ExplanationProcess where bone tissue replaces cartilage during development.
#14
Which hormone plays a crucial role in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood and bone?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
ExplanationHormone that increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption.
#15
Which zone of the growth plate is closest to the epiphysis and responsible for cell hypertrophy?
Zone of hypertrophy
ExplanationRegion where chondrocytes enlarge, contributing to bone lengthening.