#1
Which sociological perspective emphasizes the role of power and inequality in society?
Conflict theory
ExplanationViews society as a battleground for competing interests and power struggles.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a democratic society?
Rule by a single authoritarian leader
ExplanationDemocracy entails power distribution among citizens, not concentration in one leader.
#3
Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationPioneered the exploration of unconscious processes and psychotherapy.
#4
Which of the following best defines cultural relativism?
The understanding that all cultures are equally valid and should be judged within their own context
ExplanationRecognizes cultural diversity and advocates for non-judgmental evaluation.
#5
What is one key aspect of intersectionality theory?
The exploration of how various forms of oppression and discrimination overlap and intersect
ExplanationHighlights interconnectedness of social identities and systems of oppression.
#6
What does the term 'cultural appropriation' refer to?
The unauthorized use of elements of one culture by members of another culture, often by a dominant culture
ExplanationInvolves exploitation and disrespect of cultural symbols and practices.
#7
What is the main focus of environmental justice?
Ensuring fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people in environmental decision-making
ExplanationAddresses disproportionate environmental burdens on marginalized communities.
#8
What does the term 'neoliberalism' refer to?
An economic ideology promoting free-market capitalism and deregulation
ExplanationAdvocates minimal state intervention in the economy.
#9
What is the primary focus of postcolonial theory?
Examining cultural and social dynamics in formerly colonized countries
ExplanationAnalyzes effects of colonialism on culture, politics, and identity.
#10
Which philosopher is associated with the concept of the 'veil of ignorance'?
John Rawls
ExplanationRawls proposed it as a way to create a just society without bias.
#11
Who coined the term 'Third World'?
Alfred Sauvy
ExplanationUsed to describe non-aligned nations during the Cold War.
#12
Who wrote the book 'The Feminine Mystique' which is considered a pioneering work of second-wave feminism?
Betty Friedan
ExplanationHighlighted societal constraints on women's roles and sparked feminist activism.
#13
Who is often credited with developing the concept of 'white privilege'?
Peggy McIntosh
ExplanationHighlighted unearned advantages conferred to white people in society.
#14
Who coined the term 'glass ceiling'?
Ann Hopkins
ExplanationDescribes invisible barriers preventing women's advancement in the workplace.
#15
Which sociologist is known for his theory of 'capitalist rationalization'?
Max Weber
ExplanationWeber analyzed the rationalization of modern society and its impact.