#1
Which of the following factors is typically considered as a measure of social inequality in industrial settings?
Average income per capita
ExplanationIt reflects the distribution of wealth among the population.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a post-industrial society?
Dependence on manufacturing industries
ExplanationPost-industrial societies focus on services and information rather than manufacturing.
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic of a command economy?
Centralized government control over production and distribution
ExplanationIt involves government direction of economic activities.
#4
Which of the following is a characteristic of a post-industrial society?
Predominance of service and information industries
ExplanationPost-industrial societies emphasize services and information over traditional manufacturing.
#5
Which of the following is a consequence of industrialization on the family structure?
Shift towards nuclear family units
ExplanationIndustrialization often leads to a shift from extended to nuclear family structures.
#6
What does the term 'Gini coefficient' measure regarding social and economic conditions?
Level of income inequality
ExplanationIt quantifies the extent of income distribution inequality within a population.
#7
Which economic theory suggests that in a competitive market, wages tend to settle at a level that allows workers to afford the essentials of life?
Classical economics
ExplanationIt posits self-regulating markets and equilibrium wages in a competitive system.
#8
What is the primary goal of labor unions in industrial settings?
To advocate for workers' rights and better working conditions
ExplanationThey strive to improve working conditions and protect workers' rights.
#9
In the context of industrialization, what does 'outsourcing' refer to?
Transferring business operations to external entities
ExplanationIt involves contracting tasks to external entities for efficiency or cost savings.
#10
What is the primary concern of environmentalists regarding industrial development?
Destruction of natural habitats and pollution
ExplanationThey worry about the environmental impact, including habitat destruction and pollution.
#11
What is 'structural unemployment' in the context of industrial settings?
Unemployment caused by technological changes
ExplanationIt results from shifts in the economy due to technological advancements.
#12
According to modern sociological perspectives, what could be a potential consequence of rapid industrialization on social structures?
Erosion of traditional social ties
ExplanationIt may lead to the weakening of traditional community bonds.
#13
What is 'cyclical unemployment'?
Unemployment caused by fluctuations in the business cycle
ExplanationIt results from economic downturns during specific phases of the business cycle.
#14
According to Karl Marx, what role does labor play in shaping social and economic relations in industrial societies?
It is exploited by capitalists for their own profit.
ExplanationMarx argues that labor is a source of surplus value for capitalists.
#15
What is the 'informal economy' in the context of industrial societies?
Economic activities that are not regulated by the government
ExplanationThese are unregulated economic activities outside formal government oversight.