#1
What is altruism?
A behavior that benefits others at a cost to oneself
ExplanationAltruism involves selflessly benefiting others, often at personal expense.
#2
In the context of altruistic behavior, what is 'prosocial behavior'?
Behavior that benefits others
ExplanationProsocial behavior encompasses actions aimed at benefiting others.
#3
Who is often associated with the theory of reciprocal altruism?
Robert Trivers
ExplanationRobert Trivers is a prominent figure linked with reciprocal altruism theory.
#4
In the context of altruism, what does 'kin selection' refer to?
Helping individuals who are genetically related
ExplanationKin selection pertains to aiding genetically related individuals, often in evolutionary contexts.
#5
Which psychological theory suggests that individuals are motivated to help others in order to reduce their own distress or negative emotions?
Negative-State Relief Model
ExplanationThe Negative-State Relief Model posits that helping others alleviates personal distress.
#6
According to the 'bystander effect,' what is the likelihood of receiving help in an emergency situation when more people are present?
Decreases
ExplanationThe presence of more bystanders typically reduces the likelihood of receiving help in emergencies.
#7
What is the 'helper's high' in the context of altruism?
A sense of accomplishment and well-being after helping others
ExplanationThe 'helper's high' refers to the emotional reward experienced after altruistic acts.
#8
Which hormone is often associated with prosocial behavior and altruism?
Oxytocin
ExplanationOxytocin is linked with fostering social bonding and prosocial behavior.
#9
What is the 'empathy-altruism hypothesis' proposed by Daniel Batson?
People help others because they feel empathy for them
ExplanationAccording to Batson, altruistic behavior stems from empathetic concern for others' welfare.
#10
Which experiment conducted by Stanley Milgram investigated people's willingness to obey authority figures, even if it meant harming others?
Milgram Obedience Experiment
ExplanationMilgram's experiment explored obedience to authority, even when it conflicted with moral principles.
#11
Which perspective in psychology suggests that altruistic behavior may have evolved because it enhances the survival and reproductive success of genes?
Evolutionary Perspective
ExplanationThe evolutionary perspective posits that altruism evolved because it benefited genetic survival and reproduction.
#12
According to the social identity theory, people are more likely to help those who belong to the same ______ as them.
Social group
ExplanationPeople are more inclined to assist those who share their social identity or group membership.