#1
Which of the following is a common age-related change in older adults?
Decreased bone density
ExplanationCommon in aging, bones lose density, increasing risk of fractures.
#2
What is the term for the medical specialty focused on providing care for individuals with serious illness or those nearing the end of life?
Palliative care
ExplanationPalliative care focuses on symptom relief and improving quality of life for the seriously ill.
#3
What is the term for the condition characterized by a decline in cognitive function severe enough to interfere with daily life and activities?
Dementia
ExplanationDementia involves cognitive decline impacting daily functioning.
#4
Which of the following is a common symptom of depression in older adults?
Decreased interest in hobbies
ExplanationDepression in older adults often manifests as loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities.
#5
What is the term for the legal document that appoints a person to make healthcare decisions on behalf of another individual who is unable to do so?
Healthcare proxy
ExplanationA healthcare proxy designates someone to make medical decisions when one cannot.
#6
Which of the following statements about hospice care is true?
Hospice care can be provided at home or in a facility.
ExplanationHospice provides end-of-life care, often delivered at home or in a hospice facility.
#7
What is the term for the legal document that outlines a person's wishes regarding medical treatment and end-of-life care in case they become unable to communicate?
Advance directive
ExplanationAdvance directives specify medical wishes if one becomes incapacitated.
#8
What is the term for the emotional and psychological distress experienced by individuals nearing the end of life as they reflect on their past and prepare for death?
Existential crisis
ExplanationExistential crisis involves intense reflection on life's meaning and purpose, common in end-of-life contemplation.
#9
Which of the following is a key principle of ethical decision-making in end-of-life care?
Autonomy
ExplanationRespecting patients' autonomy in decision-making is fundamental in end-of-life care ethics.
#10
What is the term for the process of gradually reducing the dosage of medication prescribed to a patient?
Deprescribing
ExplanationDeprescribing involves tapering medication to minimize side effects or polypharmacy.
#11
Which of the following is not a stage of grief according to the Kübler-Ross model?
Reflection
ExplanationThe Kübler-Ross model includes denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance, but not reflection.
#12
What is the term for the process of physically caring for the deceased person's body after death?
Embalming
ExplanationEmbalming involves preserving and preparing the deceased for burial or viewing.
#13
What is the term for the phenomenon where older adults experience a decline in social connections and interactions?
Social isolation
ExplanationSocial isolation is the diminishing of social contacts and connections.
#14
Which of the following is a potential barrier to accessing end-of-life care services?
High cost of services
ExplanationThe high cost of services can hinder access to end-of-life care.
#15
What is the term for the grief experienced by family members and friends after the death of a loved one?
Secondary grief
ExplanationSecondary grief is experienced by those close to the deceased.