#1
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of adulthood?
Dependence on parents
ExplanationAdulthood typically entails independence and self-sufficiency.
#2
What is the term for the period of life when individuals are most likely to be engaged in committed relationships, career development, and child-rearing?
Early adulthood
ExplanationEarly adulthood is characterized by these significant life tasks and roles.
#3
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary developmental task during adolescence?
Establishing identity
ExplanationAdolescence is primarily focused on forming a sense of self and identity.
#4
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need is typically prioritized during early adulthood?
Love and belongingness needs
ExplanationEarly adulthood often focuses on forming social connections and relationships.
#5
According to Erik Erikson's theory, what is the primary task of the adolescent stage?
Forming identity
ExplanationAdolescents strive to establish a sense of self and identity.
#6
What is Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
Theory of psychosocial development
ExplanationErikson's theory focuses on stages of psychosocial development.
#7
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
Conventional vs. Unconventional
ExplanationErikson's stages include different conflicts, but not 'Conventional vs. Unconventional'.
#8
What is the term for the psychological conflict described in Erik Erikson's stage of 'Integrity vs. Despair'?
Ego integrity
ExplanationAchieving ego integrity involves reconciling life experiences and accepting oneself.
#9
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing successful aging?
Early retirement
ExplanationEarly retirement does not directly contribute to successful aging.
#10
Which theory emphasizes the importance of social factors and relationships in shaping development across the lifespan?
Ecological systems theory
ExplanationThis theory underscores the influence of social environments on development.
#11
According to psychologist Daniel Levinson, what is a 'season' of life characterized by particular challenges or developmental tasks?
Crisis
ExplanationCrisis periods are defined by specific challenges and transitions.
#12
What is the term for the stage of cognitive development proposed by Jean Piaget that typically characterizes adulthood, involving the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and engage in hypothetical-deductive reasoning?
Formal operational stage
ExplanationThe formal operational stage marks advanced cognitive abilities, typical of adulthood.
#13
What is the term for the theory that suggests personality continues to develop and evolve throughout the lifespan, rather than being fixed in childhood?
Lifespan development theory
ExplanationThis theory posits ongoing personality growth and change across life stages.
#14
Which developmental psychologist proposed the socioemotional selectivity theory?
Carstensen
ExplanationCarstensen proposed this theory highlighting the role of emotional goals in development.
#15
Which of the following is a major criticism of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
It lacks empirical support
ExplanationSome argue Erikson's theory lacks sufficient empirical evidence.