#1
Which organ primarily regulates acid-base balance in the body?
Kidneys
ExplanationKidneys regulate acid-base balance.
#2
What is the main component of the body's extracellular fluid?
Water
ExplanationWater is the main component of extracellular fluid.
#3
Which of the following is a buffer system that helps regulate pH in the blood?
Bicarbonate buffer system
ExplanationBicarbonate buffer system regulates blood pH.
#4
What is the normal pH range of human blood?
7.0 - 7.5
ExplanationNormal human blood pH range is 7.0 - 7.5.
#5
Which of the following organs is responsible for the production of bicarbonate ions to help maintain acid-base balance?
Kidneys
ExplanationKidneys produce bicarbonate ions for acid-base balance.
#6
Which acid-base disorder is characterized by an increase in blood pH above the normal range?
Metabolic alkalosis
ExplanationMetabolic alkalosis causes increased blood pH.
#7
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating fluid balance by controlling water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
ExplanationADH controls water reabsorption in kidneys for fluid balance.
#8
Which of the following is a buffer system in the human body that helps maintain pH stability?
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
ExplanationCarbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system stabilizes pH.
#9
Which condition is characterized by excessive fluid retention and can lead to swelling in various parts of the body?
Edema
ExplanationEdema results from excessive fluid retention, causing swelling.
#10
Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism and increases water intake to help regulate fluid balance?
Angiotensin II
ExplanationAngiotensin II stimulates thirst and water intake for fluid balance regulation.
#11
In respiratory acidosis, what is the primary cause of the increase in blood acidity?
Increased production of carbon dioxide
ExplanationIncreased carbon dioxide production causes blood acidity in respiratory acidosis.
#12
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of metabolic acidosis?
Hyperventilation
ExplanationHyperventilation is NOT a common cause of metabolic acidosis.
#13
What effect does hyperventilation have on blood pH?
It increases blood pH
ExplanationHyperventilation increases blood pH.
#14
Which electrolyte imbalance can result from excessive sweating?
Hyponatremia
ExplanationHyponatremia can result from excessive sweating.
#15
Which acid-base disorder is caused by an increase in carbon dioxide levels due to hypoventilation?
Respiratory acidosis
ExplanationHypoventilation causes increased carbon dioxide and respiratory acidosis.