#1
Which of the following financial statements shows a company's revenues and expenses over a specific period?
Income Statement
ExplanationDisplays a company's financial performance by showing its revenues and expenses during a specified time frame.
#2
What is the primary purpose of financial management within an organization?
To maximize shareholder wealth
ExplanationFocused on increasing the value of the company for its shareholders.
#3
What does the term 'GAAP' stand for in accounting?
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
ExplanationStandard guidelines used in accounting to ensure consistency and comparability in financial reporting.
#4
Which financial statement provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time?
Balance Sheet
ExplanationSummarizes a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a given moment, providing insight into its financial health.
#5
Which accounting principle states that assets should be recorded at their original cost?
Historical cost principle
ExplanationRequires assets to be recorded at the amount paid for them, ensuring reliability and objectivity in financial reporting.
#6
What is the formula for calculating Earnings per Share (EPS)?
Net Income / Number of Shares Outstanding
ExplanationMeasures the portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of its common stock.
#7
Which accounting principle states that expenses should be recognized in the same period as the revenues to which they relate?
Matching principle
ExplanationEnsures expenses are recorded in the same accounting period as the related revenue, facilitating accurate financial reporting.
#8
In finance, what does the term 'ROI' stand for?
Return on Investment
ExplanationMeasures the profitability of an investment relative to its cost, often expressed as a percentage.
#9
What is the formula for calculating Return on Assets (ROA)?
Net Income / Total Assets
ExplanationMeasures a company's profitability relative to its total assets, indicating how efficiently it uses its resources to generate profit.
#10
Which financial statement reports the cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing, and financing activities?
Statement of Cash Flows
ExplanationDetails a company's cash movements, providing insight into its ability to generate cash and meet its obligations.
#11
What does the acronym FIFO stand for in accounting?
First In, First Out
ExplanationA method for inventory valuation where the oldest inventory items are sold or used first.
#12
Which financial ratio measures a company's efficiency in managing its inventory?
Inventory Turnover Ratio
ExplanationEvaluates how quickly a company sells its inventory within a given period, indicating its efficiency in inventory management.
#13
Which financial ratio measures a company's ability to pay its short-term obligations with its most liquid assets?
Current Ratio
ExplanationIndicates a company's ability to cover short-term liabilities with its short-term assets.
#14
What is the formula for calculating the Debt-to-Equity Ratio?
Total Liabilities / Total Equity
ExplanationCompares a company's debt to its equity, indicating its leverage and financial risk.
#15
What does the term 'EBITDA' stand for in finance?
Earnings Before Interest, Depreciation, and Amortization
ExplanationMeasures a company's operating performance by excluding non-operating expenses like interest, depreciation, and amortization.
#16
What does the term 'DCF' stand for in finance?
Discounted Cash Flow
ExplanationEvaluates the value of an investment by discounting its future cash flows to present value.
#17
What is the purpose of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in the United States?
To enhance corporate governance and financial reporting
ExplanationAims to improve transparency, accountability, and integrity in financial reporting and corporate governance.