#1
Which of the following is NOT a step in viral replication?
Detoxification
ExplanationDetoxification is unrelated to viral replication processes.
#2
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of RNA viruses?
They have a high mutation rate.
ExplanationRNA viruses exhibit high mutation rates, contributing to their adaptability.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a type of viral genome?
Circular RNA
ExplanationCircular RNA is not a common viral genome structure.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a method used to quantify viral particles?
Western blotting
ExplanationWestern blotting is not used for quantifying viral particles.
#5
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of retroviruses?
They have a DNA genome.
ExplanationRetroviruses have an RNA genome, not DNA.
#6
Which microscopic technique is best suited for observing the internal structures of a virus?
Electron microscopy
ExplanationElectron microscopy provides high resolution suitable for observing virus internal structures.
#7
What is the name of the process in which a virus transfers its genetic material into a host cell?
Transduction
ExplanationTransduction refers specifically to the transfer of genetic material between cells, often via viruses.
#8
Which microscopy technique is commonly used to visualize live cells and dynamic processes?
Confocal microscopy
ExplanationConfocal microscopy enables visualization of dynamic processes in live cells.
#9
In which stage of viral replication do viruses assemble new viral particles?
Assembly
ExplanationAssembly stage is where viral components come together to form new viral particles.
#10
Which microscopy technique provides three-dimensional images of specimens by scanning them with a focused beam of electrons?
Electron tomography
ExplanationElectron tomography generates 3D images by scanning specimens with focused electron beams.
#11
During which stage of viral replication do viral proteins and genetic material begin to be synthesized?
Synthesis
ExplanationSynthesis stage involves the production of viral proteins and genetic material.
#12
Which enzyme is responsible for replicating RNA into DNA in retroviruses?
Reverse transcriptase
ExplanationReverse transcriptase converts RNA to DNA, a key step in retroviral replication.
#13
Which viral replication cycle involves integration of the viral genome into the host cell's DNA?
Lysogenic cycle
ExplanationLysogenic cycle involves viral DNA integrating into the host genome, remaining dormant until activated.
#14
What is the name of the protein shell that encloses the viral genome?
Capsid
ExplanationCapsid is the protein shell protecting the viral genome.
#15
Which process involves the release of mature virus particles from the host cell?
Budding
ExplanationBudding is the process where mature virus particles are released from host cells.
#16
Which enzyme is responsible for the cleavage of viral proteins from a polyprotein precursor during viral replication?
Protease
ExplanationProtease cleaves viral proteins from polyprotein precursors during replication.
#17
Which viral replication cycle involves immediate cell lysis after the viral genome is replicated?
Lytic cycle
ExplanationLytic cycle results in immediate cell lysis following viral genome replication.