#1
Which enzyme is responsible for reverse transcription in retroviruses?
Reverse transcriptase
ExplanationReverse transcriptase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from RNA templates.
#2
Which process involves the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another through direct cell-to-cell contact?
Conjugation
ExplanationConjugation is the direct transfer of DNA between bacterial cells.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a method of genetic transfer in bacteria?
Replication
ExplanationReplication is a process of copying DNA within a single cell and not a method of genetic transfer between cells.
#4
Which of the following viruses is an example of a retrovirus?
HIV
ExplanationHIV is a well-known example of a retrovirus, containing RNA as genetic material and utilizing reverse transcriptase.
#5
Which of the following is true regarding viral replication?
It may involve RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in RNA viruses
ExplanationRNA viruses often utilize RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for replication.
#6
Which of the following statements is true regarding lysogenic cycle in bacteriophages?
It involves the integration of viral DNA into the host genome
ExplanationDuring the lysogenic cycle, viral DNA integrates into the host genome.
#7
What is the primary function of viral integrase?
To integrate viral DNA into the host genome
ExplanationIntegrase facilitates the incorporation of viral DNA into the host cell's DNA.
#8
Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template?
Reverse transcriptase
ExplanationReverse transcriptase performs reverse transcription, synthesizing DNA from an RNA template.
#9
Which of the following is a feature of the lytic cycle in viral replication?
It involves the direct killing of the host cell
ExplanationThe lytic cycle results in the destruction of the host cell.
#10
What is the function of the viral enzyme neuraminidase?
To prevent the release of newly formed virions from the host cell
ExplanationNeuraminidase is involved in the release of virions from the host cell membrane.
#11
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the lysogenic cycle?
It involves the replication of the viral genome without destroying the host cell
ExplanationThe lysogenic cycle involves the integration of viral DNA into the host genome and replication without immediate cell lysis.
#12
What is the role of the viral protein protease in viral replication?
To cleave viral polyproteins into functional proteins
ExplanationProtease enzyme cleaves viral polyproteins into individual functional proteins during viral maturation.