Toxicology and Poisoning Quiz

Exhalation is not a route of exposure; inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact are common routes.

Arsenic is a heavy metal poison known to cause various health issues including cancer.

Carbon monoxide primarily affects the brain by binding to hemoglobin, reducing oxygen delivery.

Sodium thiosulfate acts as an antidote by converting cyanide to thiocyanate, which is less toxic.

Nitrites cause methemoglobinemia by oxidizing hemoglobin to its ferric form, impairing oxygen transport.

Proteins, including enzymes and toxins, are the main toxic components in snake venom.

N-acetylcysteine is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose, acting to replenish depleted glutathione levels.

Muscle fasciculations are common in organophosphate poisoning due to excessive acetylcholine stimulation.

Hyperactivity is a common symptom of lead poisoning in children, along with other neurocognitive effects.

Nerve agents like sarin inhibit acetylcholinesterase, leading to excessive acetylcholine accumulation.

Physostigmine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, is used to treat anticholinergic toxicity.

Peripheral neuropathy is a common neurological manifestation of chronic mercury exposure.

Ricin is a highly toxic protein derived from the castor bean plant.

Liver failure is a characteristic feature of mushroom poisoning due to hepatotoxic compounds.

Ethylene glycol ingestion leads to nephrotoxicity and metabolic acidosis due to its metabolites.

Metabolic acidosis is a common feature of antifreeze poisoning, caused by its metabolite, oxalic acid.

Ricin poisoning typically presents with severe gastrointestinal symptoms due to its toxicity.