#1
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
ExplanationRegulates blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and increasing calcium reabsorption by the kidneys.
#2
Which bone in the human body is commonly referred to as the collarbone?
Clavicle
ExplanationForms part of the shoulder girdle and connects the arm to the trunk of the body.
#3
What is the medical term for the thigh bone?
Femur
ExplanationThe longest and strongest bone in the human body, forming the thigh and connecting the hip to the knee.
#4
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?
Insulin
ExplanationFacilitates the uptake of glucose from the blood into cells, lowering blood sugar levels.
#5
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle?
Melatonin
ExplanationSecreted by the pineal gland, it helps regulate the body's internal clock and promotes sleep.
#6
Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating bone growth during childhood and adolescence?
Growth hormone
ExplanationStimulates bone growth by promoting cell division and increasing the synthesis of proteins necessary for bone formation.
#7
Which of the following cells is responsible for breaking down bone tissue during the process of bone remodeling?
Osteoclasts
ExplanationSpecialized cells that resorb or break down bone tissue, allowing for the renewal and repair of bone.
#8
Which bone in the human body is commonly referred to as the kneecap?
Patella
ExplanationProtects the knee joint and aids in the extension of the leg by providing leverage to the thigh muscles.
#9
Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the production of red blood cells?
Erythropoietin
ExplanationProduced by the kidneys, it stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels.
#10
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating salt and water balance in the body?
Aldosterone
ExplanationRegulates salt and water balance by acting on the kidneys to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
#11
Which gland in the body produces the hormone calcitonin?
Thyroid gland
ExplanationSecretes calcitonin, which helps regulate blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption.
#12
Which hormone plays a key role in the regulation of metabolism?
Thyroxine
ExplanationControls metabolism by influencing the body's energy production, growth, and development.
#13
Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the production of milk in the mammary glands?
Prolactin
ExplanationPromotes milk production and secretion in the mammary glands, particularly after childbirth.
#14
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating appetite and metabolism?
Leptin
ExplanationRegulates appetite and metabolism by signaling the brain to reduce food intake and increase energy expenditure.
#15
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the regulation of fluid balance in the body?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
ExplanationControls water reabsorption by the kidneys, reducing urine output and maintaining fluid balance.