#1
Which of the following is an example of prosocial behavior?
Helping a friend move to a new apartment
ExplanationAssisting others in a positive manner.
#2
What is the 'just-world hypothesis' in the context of helping behavior?
The idea that people deserve the help they receive
ExplanationBelief that individuals receive help based on deservingness.
#3
In the context of prosocial behavior, what does 'volunteerism' refer to?
Helping others without any expectation of external rewards
ExplanationAssisting others without seeking personal gain.
#4
What is the bystander effect in the context of helping behavior?
The presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency
ExplanationIndividuals are less likely to help in emergencies when others are present.
#5
According to social exchange theory, what motivates prosocial behavior?
The desire for social approval and rewards
ExplanationExpectation of recognition or rewards drives helping behavior.
#6
What is the Kitty Genovese case famous for in the study of prosocial behavior?
A real-life incident highlighting the bystander effect
ExplanationIllustrates the bystander effect where individuals refrain from helping despite witnessing an emergency.
#7
In the context of helping behavior, what does the term 'mood repair' refer to?
The tendency to help others to improve one's own mood
ExplanationHelping others to alleviate one's negative emotions.
#8
What is the 'negative-state relief model' in the study of prosocial behavior?
A theory proposing that individuals help others to reduce their own distress
ExplanationHelping others to alleviate personal distress.
#9
Which social psychological concept is associated with the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal characteristics and underestimate situational factors?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationTendency to ascribe behavior to internal traits rather than external circumstances.
#10
In the context of prosocial behavior, what does the term 'pluralistic ignorance' refer to?
The mistaken belief that everyone else is interpreting a situation in a certain way
ExplanationErroneous perception that others hold different beliefs or attitudes.
#11
According to research on the influence of modeling on prosocial behavior, which factor enhances the likelihood of imitation?
Similarity to the model
ExplanationGreater likelihood of imitating behavior in those perceived as similar.
#12
What is the 'reciprocity norm' in the context of social exchange?
The expectation that helping others will lead to future assistance
ExplanationAnticipation of reciprocal assistance after aiding others.
#13
In the context of helping behavior, what is 'social capital'?
The resources and benefits derived from social relationships and networks
ExplanationAdvantages accrued through social connections.
#14
According to the 'norm of reciprocity,' what is the expected response to a prosocial action?
Reciprocating with a similar prosocial action
ExplanationResponding to kindness with comparable generosity.
#15
What role does cultural diversity play in influencing prosocial behavior?
Cultural norms and values shape prosocial behavior
ExplanationVariations in societal norms impact helping tendencies.
#16
What is the diffusion of responsibility?
The idea that individuals feel less responsible to act when others are present
ExplanationReduced sense of personal responsibility when others are available to act.
#17
Which factor is NOT associated with increased likelihood of helping behavior?
High level of anonymity
ExplanationAnonymity diminishes the likelihood of helping behavior.
#18
What is the main premise of the social identity theory in relation to prosocial behavior?
People are more likely to help those with similar social identities
ExplanationPreference for aiding those who share similar social identities.
#19
Which psychological phenomenon is associated with feeling empathy for the suffering of others?
Mirror neurons
ExplanationMirror neurons facilitate empathetic responses.
#20
According to the empathy-altruism hypothesis, when is altruistic behavior most likely to occur?
When individuals experience high levels of empathy
ExplanationIncreased likelihood of altruism with heightened empathy.
#21
What is the 'cost-reward model' in the context of helping behavior?
A theory proposing that helping behavior is driven by the perceived costs and rewards
ExplanationHelping behavior weighed against potential benefits and costs.
#22
What is the 'social exchange theory' explanation for prosocial behavior?
Helping behavior is driven by the desire for social approval and the expectation of reciprocity
ExplanationAiding others based on anticipated social benefits.
#23
What is the 'empathy-altruism hypothesis' in the study of helping behavior?
A theory proposing that empathy increases the likelihood of altruistic behavior
ExplanationEmpathy leading to heightened altruistic tendencies.
#24
What is the 'altruistic punishment' phenomenon in the study of prosocial behavior?
Punishing others for selfish behavior
ExplanationPenalizing others despite personal cost to discourage selfishness.
#25
What is the 'emotional contagion' theory in relation to prosocial behavior?
The spread of emotions from one person to another, influencing helping behavior
ExplanationEmotions transmitted between individuals affecting assistance.