#1
Which of the following statements best describes population genetics?
It is the study of how populations change genetically over time.
ExplanationPopulation genetics focuses on genetic changes in populations.
#2
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
It describes a population in which the frequency of alleles and genotypes remains constant from generation to generation.
ExplanationHardy-Weinberg equilibrium maintains genetic stability.
#3
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does 'p' represent?
Frequency of the dominant allele
Explanation'p' in Hardy-Weinberg represents the dominant allele frequency.
#4
Which factor does NOT disrupt the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Natural selection
ExplanationNatural selection does not affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
#5
What is the founder effect?
A type of genetic drift where a small group of individuals establishes a new population with a different gene pool than the original population.
ExplanationFounder effect: new population from a small, distinct group.
#6
What is the formula for calculating allele frequencies in a population?
p + q = 1
ExplanationAllele frequency calculation: p + q = 1.
#7
What does 'q' represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
Frequency of the recessive allele
Explanation'q' in Hardy-Weinberg represents the recessive allele frequency.
#8
Under what condition does genetic drift have the most significant effect on a population?
In small populations
ExplanationGenetic drift is most impactful in small populations.
#9
Which of the following is a condition required for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Population size must be infinite
ExplanationHardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires an infinite population size.
#10
What is the primary difference between microevolution and macroevolution?
Microevolution occurs over short timescales within a population, while macroevolution occurs over longer timescales and involves speciation events.
ExplanationMicroevolution vs. macroevolution: time and speciation.
#11
Which of the following scenarios would lead to gene flow between populations?
Individuals from one population migrate and interbreed with individuals from another population.
ExplanationGene flow: migration and interbreeding between populations.
#12
What is the main consequence of inbreeding in a population?
Increased frequency of homozygous recessive individuals
ExplanationInbreeding consequence: higher homozygous recessive frequency.