#1
What is genetic variation?
The presence of differences in DNA sequences among individuals in a population
ExplanationDiversity in genetic makeup within a population.
#2
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
A state where allele frequencies in a population remain constant from generation to generation
ExplanationAllele frequencies remain constant in the absence of evolutionary influences.
#3
Which of the following is an example of genetic drift?
A population of birds with different beak sizes survives a drought, leading to changes in allele frequencies
ExplanationRandom changes in allele frequencies due to chance events.
#4
Which of the following statements about gene flow is true?
Gene flow tends to decrease genetic differences between populations
ExplanationThe movement of genes between populations reduces genetic divergence.
#5
What is the founder effect?
A phenomenon where allele frequencies change due to random sampling in a small population
ExplanationAllele frequencies are altered in small founding populations.
#6
Which of the following is an example of a selective pressure?
A sudden change in climate
ExplanationFactors that favor certain phenotypes over others.
#7
What is the biological species concept?
A definition of a species based on the ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
ExplanationSpecies are groups of interbreeding populations that produce fertile offspring.
#8
What is the molecular clock hypothesis?
A theory proposing that evolution occurs at a constant rate over time
ExplanationEvolutionary changes accumulate in DNA sequences at a constant rate.
#9
Which evolutionary force is responsible for speciation?
Natural selection
ExplanationDifferential survival and reproduction of organisms lead to new species.
#10
What is a phylogenetic tree used for?
To illustrate the evolutionary relationships between different species
ExplanationGraphical representation of evolutionary history.
#11
What is the bottleneck effect?
A reduction in the genetic diversity of a population due to a drastic reduction in population size
ExplanationSevere population decline leading to genetic homogenization.