#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of a functional organizational structure?
Centralized decision-making
ExplanationDecision-making authority is concentrated at the top of the hierarchy.
#2
What is the key characteristic of a flat organizational structure?
Few hierarchical levels
ExplanationHas minimal levels of hierarchy, promoting quick decision-making and communication.
#3
What is the primary focus of the contingency theory of management?
Situational factors
ExplanationSuggests that management practices should be contingent upon various situational factors.
#4
What is the primary purpose of a SWOT analysis in strategic management?
Assess internal strengths and weaknesses
ExplanationIdentify internal factors that impact an organization's strategy.
#5
In the context of organizational communication, what is the grapevine?
An informal communication network
ExplanationUnofficial communication channels within an organization.
#6
What is the primary focus of matrix organizational structure?
Project management
ExplanationFocuses on managing projects by allocating resources from different functional areas.
#7
In the context of management, what does SWOT analysis assess?
Internal strengths and weaknesses
ExplanationEvaluates the internal factors that affect an organization's performance.
#8
Which management approach emphasizes adapting to the environment and the need for continuous change?
Contingency management
ExplanationSuggests that there is no one best way to manage, and practices should vary based on situational factors.
#9
In the context of management, what does the acronym SMART stand for?
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound
ExplanationCriteria used for setting effective goals.
#10
Which organizational structure is characterized by self-managed teams and a focus on employee empowerment?
Team-based structure
ExplanationEncourages collaboration and autonomy within teams.
#11
Which type of power in organizational behavior is derived from an individual's formal position within an organization?
Legitimate power
ExplanationAuthority based on an individual's position in the organization's hierarchy.
#12
Which management concept emphasizes the importance of setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound goals?
Management by Objectives (MBO)
ExplanationFocuses on setting clear objectives to improve organizational performance.
#13
What is the main principle behind Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?
Motivators and hygiene factors
ExplanationIdentifies factors that influence employee satisfaction and dissatisfaction.
#14
Which leadership style involves making decisions without consulting others?
Autocratic leadership
ExplanationLeader makes decisions independently with little or no input from team members.
#15
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which needs are at the highest level?
Self-actualization needs
ExplanationRepresents the desire to realize one's full potential and achieve personal growth.
#16
What is the main concept behind Frederick Taylor's Scientific Management?
Division of labor
ExplanationBreaking down tasks to increase efficiency and productivity.
#17
According to the Hawthorne studies, what factor significantly influences employee productivity?
Social and psychological factors
ExplanationShows how social and psychological factors affect productivity.