#1
Which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development theory occurs during infancy?
Trust vs. Mistrust
ExplanationInfants develop a sense of trust when their needs are consistently met, fostering a secure foundation.
#2
What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment is the emotional connection crucial for a child's well-being.
#3
What is the term for the process by which a fertilized egg divides and forms a multicellular organism?
Mitosis
ExplanationMitosis is the cellular division process in organism development.
#4
According to the 'Nature vs. Nurture' debate, what does 'nature' refer to?
Genetic and biological factors
ExplanationNature emphasizes the influence of genetics and biology on development.
#5
What is the term for the mental process that involves organizing and interpreting sensory information from the environment?
Perception
ExplanationPerception is the cognitive process of making sense of sensory input.
#6
What is the term for the process of maintaining information in memory over time?
Storage
ExplanationStorage involves retaining information in the memory system for later use.
#7
Which of the following is NOT a cognitive development stage in Jean Piaget's theory?
Intuitive-Reflective
ExplanationPiaget's stages are Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational.
#8
In the context of moral development, which stage in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory is characterized by an adherence to societal rules and the avoidance of punishment?
Conventional morality
ExplanationConventional morality values societal norms and avoiding punishment.
#9
Which theorist is associated with the socioemotional development theory and the concept of the 'eight psychosocial stages'?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErikson introduced eight stages of psychosocial development, focusing on socioemotional growth.
#10
According to the attachment theory, who developed the 'strange situation' procedure to assess attachment in infants?
Mary Ainsworth
ExplanationMary Ainsworth devised the 'strange situation' to study infant attachment.
#11
Which cognitive ability involves the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight?
Object permanence
ExplanationObject permanence is recognizing objects exist even if not visible.
#12
According to Freud, which psychosexual stage is associated with the resolution of the Oedipus or Electra complex?
Phallic
ExplanationThe Phallic stage involves resolving complex feelings toward one's parents.
#13
What is the concept that refers to a person's sense of being male, female, or a combination of both?
Gender identity
ExplanationGender identity relates to an individual's internal understanding of their gender.
#14
What is the term for the process of adjusting existing schemas or creating new ones to incorporate new information?
Accommodation
ExplanationAccommodation is the cognitive process of adapting to new information.
#15
At what age range does the 'adolescence' stage typically occur in Erikson's psychosocial development theory?
12-18 years
ExplanationAdolescence involves identity formation and social exploration during ages 12-18.
#16
At what age range is the 'terrible twos' phase commonly observed in children?
2-3 years
ExplanationThe 'terrible twos' phase occurs around ages 2-3, marked by increased independence and tantrums.
#17
Which theorist introduced the concept of the 'Zone of Proximal Development' in the context of cognitive development?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationVygotsky introduced the 'Zone of Proximal Development' to describe the range of tasks a learner can perform with help.