#1
Which learning theory emphasizes the role of observable behaviors?
Behaviorism
ExplanationFocuses on observable actions and reactions in learning.
#2
Who is known for proposing the classical conditioning theory?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationRussian physiologist famous for his experiments with dogs.
#3
Who proposed the social learning theory, which emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes in learning?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationCanadian psychologist known for his work on social learning and self-efficacy.
#4
Which term describes the process of associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response?
Acquisition
ExplanationInitial stage in classical conditioning when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
#5
Who developed the concept of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationAmerican psychologist known for his research on operant conditioning and behaviorism.
#6
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Giving a child candy for cleaning their room
ExplanationAdding a reward to increase the likelihood of a behavior.
#7
In operant conditioning, what is reinforcement?
The introduction of a pleasant stimulus
ExplanationProcess of increasing the likelihood of a behavior by adding a rewarding stimulus.
#8
Which term refers to learning that occurs through observing others' behaviors and their consequences?
Social learning theory
ExplanationLearning by watching and imitating others.
#9
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus?
Generalization
ExplanationExtension of a conditioned response to similar stimuli.
#10
According to behaviorism, what is the primary focus of psychology?
Observable behavior
ExplanationStudying and understanding behavior based on observable actions.
#11
According to the social learning theory, what plays a crucial role in determining whether a behavior will be imitated?
All of the above
ExplanationObservational learning, vicarious reinforcement, and self-regulation.
#12
What is the term for learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change?
Latent learning
ExplanationLearning that is not immediately expressed in behavior.
#13
What is the process of gradually reducing the frequency or strength of a conditioned response?
Extinction
ExplanationDiminishing of a learned behavior due to lack of reinforcement.
#14
What is the term for the reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest?
Spontaneous recovery
ExplanationSudden return of an extinguished response.
#15
In operant conditioning, what term refers to the weakening or disappearance of a conditioned response?
Extinction
ExplanationLoss of a learned behavior due to lack of reinforcement.
#16
What term describes the process of learning to respond only to a specific stimulus and not to other similar stimuli?
Discrimination
ExplanationAbility to differentiate between similar stimuli and respond selectively.
#17
What is the term for the process of responding to a new stimulus that is similar to a conditioned stimulus?
Generalization
ExplanationExtension of a learned response to similar stimuli.