#1
Which of the following is a complication associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Cushing's triad
ExplanationSigns of increased ICP including hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations.
#2
What is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP) in adults?
0-5 mmHg
ExplanationThe normal range of ICP in adults is between 0-5 mmHg.
#3
Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in infants?
Excessive crying
ExplanationInfants may exhibit excessive crying as a symptom of increased ICP.
#4
Which of the following physiological responses occurs in the early stages of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) to maintain cerebral perfusion?
Hyperventilation
ExplanationIncreased breathing helps to lower CO2 levels, constricting blood vessels and reducing pressure.
#5
Which of the following is a method used to monitor intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Intraventricular catheter
ExplanationA catheter placed into the ventricles of the brain to directly measure ICP.
#6
Which brain structure is responsible for regulating intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Brainstem
ExplanationThe brainstem helps regulate ICP through various mechanisms.
#7
Which of the following conditions can lead to increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Hydrocephalus
ExplanationAccumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain leads to increased pressure.
#8
What is the primary mechanism by which the body compensates for increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Vasodilation of cerebral arteries
ExplanationTo maintain blood flow, the body dilates cerebral arteries.
#9
What is the most common cause of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury?
Subdural hematoma
ExplanationBleeding between the brain and its outermost covering increases pressure.
#10
Which type of intracranial hemorrhage is most likely to lead to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) due to mass effect?
Intracerebral hemorrhage
ExplanationBleeding directly into brain tissue causes pressure to build up.
#11
What is the primary goal of treatment for increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Reducing cerebral edema
ExplanationThe primary goal is to reduce swelling in the brain tissue.
#12
Which of the following imaging techniques is commonly used to assess intracranial pressure (ICP) non-invasively?
Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography
ExplanationThis technique uses ultrasound to measure blood flow in the brain.
#13
What is the Monro-Kellie doctrine?
A law stating that the total volume inside the skull is constant
ExplanationThe doctrine states that the sum of brain tissue, blood, and CSF remains constant.
#14
Which of the following factors can contribute to the development of cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Hypoalbuminemia
ExplanationLow levels of albumin can contribute to fluid accumulation in the brain.
#15
Which anatomical structure acts as a natural buffer to changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) by accommodating changes in volume?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
ExplanationCSF cushions the brain, absorbing changes in volume.
#16
What is the primary mechanism by which cerebral autoregulation helps maintain normal intracranial pressure (ICP)?
By adjusting systemic blood pressure in response to changes in cerebral perfusion
ExplanationAutoregulation adjusts blood flow to the brain to maintain stable pressure.