Human Development Principles Quiz

This stage is not part of Erikson's theory; the correct stages are Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Integrity vs. Despair.

Attachment refers to the deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space.

Erik Erikson developed the theory of psychosocial development, which includes eight stages spanning from infancy to adulthood.

Lev Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist, introduced the concept of the zone of proximal development as part of his sociocultural theory of cognitive development.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that physiological needs such as air, water, food, shelter, and sleep must be satisfied before an individual can focus on higher-level needs like safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

Erik Erikson, a German-American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst, is associated with the concept of the eight psychosocial stages of development, each presenting a crisis that must be resolved.

Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another, often described as putting oneself in someone else's shoes and experiencing what they are experiencing.

In this stage, children develop the ability to think logically about concrete events and grasp the concept of conservation.

At this level, individuals obey rules to avoid punishment or gain rewards, focusing on self-interest and external consequences.

Freud's stages are Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital; there is no 'Ego stage' in his theory.

Social referencing is the process of observing others' reactions to determine how to respond in ambiguous situations.

Accommodation is the process of changing existing mental structures to incorporate new information.

In this stage, individuals reflect on their life and feel either a sense of satisfaction and fulfillment (integrity) or despair and regret (despair) about their life choices and achievements.

Social learning theory, proposed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes the importance of observing, modeling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others.

Myelination is the process of forming a myelin sheath around a nerve to allow nerve impulses to move more quickly.

The ZPD is the gap between a learner's current ability level and the level of potential development through problem-solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers.

Apoptosis is the programmed cell death essential for the development and maintenance of an organism by eliminating unwanted cells during embryonic development.

David Premack, an American psychologist, proposed the theory of mind, which refers to the ability to attribute mental states—beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc.—to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that are different from one's own.