#1
Which of the following techniques is commonly used in genetic engineering to amplify DNA sequences?
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
ExplanationPCR is a widely used technique to amplify specific DNA sequences.
#2
Which of the following is a commonly used vector in genetic engineering for introducing foreign DNA into host cells?
Plasmid
ExplanationPlasmids are frequently used vectors in genetic engineering.
#3
Which of the following genetic engineering techniques involves the transfer of genes between different species?
Gene transfer
ExplanationGene transfer involves moving genes across species.
#4
Which of the following is a method used to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells in genetic engineering?
Biolistics
ExplanationBiolistics is a method for introducing DNA into plant cells.
#5
Which of the following is a technique used to analyze gene expression levels?
Microarray Analysis
ExplanationMicroarray analysis measures gene expression levels.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a potential application of genetic engineering in cancer treatment?
Radiation therapy
ExplanationRadiation therapy is not a form of genetic engineering.
#7
In genetic engineering, what does CRISPR-Cas9 technology primarily enable scientists to do?
Edit DNA sequences with high precision
ExplanationCRISPR-Cas9 allows precise editing of DNA sequences.
#8
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of oncogenes in cancer biology?
They promote cell proliferation
ExplanationOncogenes stimulate cell proliferation.
#9
What is the main purpose of transgenic animals in cancer research?
To study the effects of specific genes on cancer development
ExplanationTransgenic animals help understand gene effects in cancer.
#10
Which of the following is a limitation of gene editing techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 in cancer therapy?
Off-target effects leading to unintended mutations
ExplanationCRISPR-Cas9 may cause unintended mutations due to off-target effects.
#11
Which of the following is an example of a targeted therapy used in cancer treatment?
Angiogenesis inhibitors
ExplanationAngiogenesis inhibitors are a form of targeted therapy.
#12
Which type of cancer arises from cells of the immune system?
Lymphoma
ExplanationLymphoma originates from immune system cells.
#13
What is the primary function of the p53 tumor suppressor gene?
Induce cell cycle arrest
Explanationp53 induces cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage.
#14
Which of the following is an example of a monoclonal antibody used in cancer therapy?
Herceptin
ExplanationHerceptin is a monoclonal antibody used in cancer treatment.
#15
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells?
Strict adherence to contact inhibition
ExplanationCancer cells do not adhere strictly to contact inhibition.
#16
What is the role of telomerase in cancer?
It prevents telomere shortening and enables unlimited cell division
ExplanationTelomerase prevents telomere shortening, enabling indefinite cell division.
#17
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of metastatic cancer cells?
Travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to distant sites
ExplanationMetastatic cancer cells spread through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
#18
Which of the following is a method used to detect mutations in cancer cells?
Next-Generation Sequencing
ExplanationNext-Generation Sequencing is used to detect mutations in cancer.
#19
What is the primary function of tumor suppressor genes?
Inhibit cell proliferation
ExplanationTumor suppressor genes restrict cell proliferation.
#20
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of oncogenes?
Enhance cell proliferation
ExplanationOncogenes amplify cell proliferation.
#21
What is the role of tumor suppressor genes in cancer development?
Inhibit cell cycle progression
ExplanationTumor suppressor genes regulate cell cycle progression.
#22
What is the primary function of tumor microenvironment in cancer progression?
Suppress immune response
ExplanationTumor microenvironment can suppress immune responses.
#23
What is the significance of angiogenesis in cancer progression?
It promotes metastasis
ExplanationAngiogenesis promotes the spread of cancer cells.
#24
What is the significance of epigenetics in cancer development?
It regulates gene expression without altering the DNA sequence
ExplanationEpigenetics influences gene expression without DNA sequence changes.
#25
What is the role of epigenetic modifications in cancer?
Alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence
ExplanationEpigenetic modifications change gene expression without altering DNA.