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Fundamentals of Psychology and Scientific Methodology Quiz

#1

What is the primary focus of psychology?

Understanding and explaining human behavior
Explanation

Psychology focuses on understanding and explaining human behavior.

#2

What is the placebo effect in psychological research?

A fake treatment that has no therapeutic effect
Explanation

The placebo effect in psychological research is a fake treatment that has no therapeutic effect.

#3

What is the 'fight or flight' response in psychology?

A coping mechanism for stress
Explanation

The 'fight or flight' response in psychology is a coping mechanism for stress.

#4

In classical conditioning, what is the term for a previously neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response?

Conditioned stimulus
Explanation

In classical conditioning, the term for a previously neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response is a conditioned stimulus.

#5

Which part of the brain is associated with emotions, memory, and decision-making?

Amygdala
Explanation

The amygdala is associated with emotions, memory, and decision-making.

#6

Which of the following is a key element of the scientific method in psychology?

Empirical evidence
Explanation

Empirical evidence is a crucial component of the scientific method in psychology.

#7

Who is often referred to as the father of modern psychology?

Wilhelm Wundt
Explanation

Wilhelm Wundt is often regarded as the father of modern psychology.

#8

Which branch of psychology focuses on how people grow and change throughout the lifespan?

Developmental psychology
Explanation

Developmental psychology focuses on how people grow and change throughout the lifespan.

#9

What is the concept of 'operant conditioning' associated with in psychology?

Learning through consequences
Explanation

Operant conditioning in psychology is associated with learning through consequences.

#10

Which research method involves studying a group of individuals over an extended period to observe changes or development?

Longitudinal study
Explanation

A longitudinal study involves studying a group of individuals over an extended period to observe changes or development.

#11

What is the concept of 'nature vs. nurture' in psychology concerned with?

The influence of genetics versus environmental factors on behavior
Explanation

The concept of 'nature vs. nurture' in psychology is concerned with the influence of genetics versus environmental factors on behavior.

#12

Which area of the brain is primarily associated with the formation of new memories?

Hippocampus
Explanation

The hippocampus is primarily associated with the formation of new memories.

#13

What is the purpose of random assignment in psychological experiments?

To eliminate bias in group assignment
Explanation

Random assignment in psychological experiments helps eliminate bias in group assignment.

#14

In the context of psychology, what does the term 'cognitive dissonance' refer to?

An inconsistency between attitudes and behavior
Explanation

Cognitive dissonance refers to the inconsistency between attitudes and behavior.

#15

Who developed the hierarchy of needs in psychology?

Abraham Maslow
Explanation

Abraham Maslow developed the hierarchy of needs in psychology.

#16

What is the primary goal of psychoanalysis as a therapeutic approach?

Uncovering unconscious conflicts
Explanation

The primary goal of psychoanalysis as a therapeutic approach is uncovering unconscious conflicts.

#17

Which neurotransmitter is often associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?

Dopamine
Explanation

Dopamine is often associated with feelings of pleasure and reward.

#18

What is the main focus of social psychology?

Group dynamics and social influence
Explanation

The main focus of social psychology is on group dynamics and social influence.

#19

What does the bystander effect refer to in social psychology?

Reduced likelihood of helping in the presence of others
Explanation

The bystander effect in social psychology refers to the reduced likelihood of helping in the presence of others.

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