Fundamentals of Biological Molecules and Systems Quiz

Water is a small molecule, not a macromolecule like proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Carbohydrates serve as a source of energy and provide structural support in cells.

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP through cellular respiration.

Phagocytosis is the cellular process of engulfing large particles using pseudopods.

Translation is the process where mRNA is used to synthesize a chain of amino acids, forming a protein.

Glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as an energy storage molecule in animals.

Nucleotides are the monomers that make up nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA.

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, unlike eukaryotic cells.

DNA stores and transmits genetic information for the synthesis of proteins.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in detoxification and lipid synthesis.

DNA helicase unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.

The Golgi apparatus processes, modifies, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell.

Uracil is a nitrogenous base found in RNA but not in DNA.

The cell cycle progresses through the phases: G1 (gap 1), S (synthesis), G2 (gap 2), and M (mitosis).

Amino acids consist of an amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, and a variable R group, but not a phosphate group.

Proteins perform various functions, but storing genetic information is a role of nucleic acids.

Denaturation is the alteration of a protein's structure, often caused by extreme conditions like heat or pH changes.

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, distinguishing them from prokaryotic cells.

Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes, supporting the theory of endosymbiosis.