#1
Who is considered the father of developmental psychology?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationPiaget pioneered the study of cognitive development in children.
#2
Who is considered the founder of developmental psychology?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationPiaget's work laid the foundation for the field of developmental psychology.
#3
What does the nature-nurture debate in developmental psychology concern?
The role of genetics versus the role of environment in development
ExplanationIt explores the relative contributions of genetic inheritance and environmental factors to human development.
#4
What is the primary focus of developmental psychology?
Studying human growth and change over the lifespan
ExplanationIt aims to understand how people develop physically, mentally, and emotionally from infancy to old age.
#5
Which of the following is a milestone in Erikson's psychosocial theory?
Trust vs. Mistrust
ExplanationThis stage occurs in infancy and centers around developing trust in caregivers.
#6
Which of the following best describes the critical period in development?
A specific time frame during which an individual is particularly susceptible to environmental influences
ExplanationCritical periods are windows of time when certain experiences must occur for normal development to proceed.
#7
What is the main focus of the ecological systems theory proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner?
The influence of the social environment on development
ExplanationBronfenbrenner's theory emphasizes how various systems interact to shape individuals' development.
#8
Which of the following is a key concept in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Object permanence
ExplanationObject permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.
#9
According to Erik Erikson, what is the main developmental task of adolescence?
Identity vs. role confusion
ExplanationAdolescents strive to form a coherent sense of self amidst social pressures and expectations.
#10
According to Piaget, what is the sensorimotor stage characterized by?
Object permanence
ExplanationDuring this stage, infants learn through sensory experiences and develop object permanence.
#11
What does the socio-cultural theory of development emphasize?
The impact of social interaction and cultural context on development
ExplanationIt highlights the influence of social relationships and cultural factors on cognitive development.
#12
What is the term for the process by which genetic factors limit an individual's environmental influences?
Gene-environment correlation
ExplanationIt describes how individuals' genetic predispositions can influence the environments they choose.
#13
What is the concept of scaffolding in Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?
The process of guiding a child's learning by providing support
ExplanationScaffolding involves providing assistance to help a child accomplish tasks beyond their current abilities.
#14
According to Erikson, what is the primary developmental task during adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationAdolescents must establish a clear sense of self and purpose amidst social pressures.
#15
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of Jean Piaget's theory?
Lack of empirical support
ExplanationPiaget's theory has been supported by numerous empirical studies.
#16
What concept refers to the process by which genes and environments interact to produce particular developmental outcomes?
Epigenetics
ExplanationEpigenetics studies the heritable changes in gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence.
#17
Who coined the term 'zone of proximal development'?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationVygotsky introduced the concept to explain the range of tasks a child can perform with assistance but not independently.
#18
According to attachment theory, what is the primary function of the attachment behavioral system?
To provide a sense of security and safety
ExplanationAttachment behavior seeks to establish a secure base from which individuals can explore the world.
#19
According to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, at what stage of moral reasoning do individuals act based on their personal principles of right and wrong?
Postconventional level
ExplanationAt this stage, moral judgments are based on universal ethical principles rather than societal norms.
#20
Who proposed the bioecological model of human development?
Urie Bronfenbrenner
ExplanationBronfenbrenner's model considers the influence of various systems, from micro to macro, on development.