Factors Influencing Human Behavior and Physiology Quiz

Time of day does not directly influence human behavior compared to other factors such as genetics, environment, and upbringing.

Social psychology explores how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others and social contexts.

Ethnicity is not a primary factor influencing human behavior compared to factors such as genetics, environment, culture, and individual experiences.

Memory encompasses the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information in the brain, crucial for learning, decision-making, and adaptation.

Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalytic theory, which emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and childhood experiences in shaping personality, including the id, ego, and superego.

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model distinguishes between sensory, short-term, and long-term memory, but does not categorize memory types based on implicit or explicit distinctions.

Dopamine is known as the 'feel-good' neurotransmitter, playing a crucial role in motivation, pleasure, and reinforcement learning.

Conformity involves altering one's thoughts or behaviors to align with those of a group, often due to social pressure or norms.

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overestimate dispositional factors and underestimate situational factors when explaining others' behavior.

Cortisol, released by the adrenal glands, is known as the stress hormone due to its role in the body's stress response, including regulating metabolism and immune function.

Groupthink occurs when group cohesion and pressure lead members to prioritize consensus over critical evaluation, often resulting in flawed decision-making.

Perception involves organizing and interpreting sensory information to form a coherent understanding of the environment and stimuli.

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in various physiological functions, including mood regulation, appetite, sleep, and memory.

The fundamental attribution error leads individuals to attribute others' behavior more to internal traits than external circumstances, skewing perceptions of causality.

Normative social influence occurs when individuals conform to group norms or expectations to gain social approval or avoid rejection, regardless of personal beliefs.

Extinction in classical conditioning refers to the gradual weakening or disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements, increased brain activity, muscle paralysis, and vivid dreams, contrasting with slow-wave sleep.

The triadic reciprocality model includes personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior, but not emotion as a distinct component.

Social loafing refers to the tendency for individuals to exert less effort or responsibility when working collectively in a group, relying on others' contributions.

The sympathetic nervous system activates the 'fight or flight' response, mobilizing the body's resources to respond to stress or danger.

The amygdala is a key brain region involved in processing emotions, particularly fear and aggression, as part of the limbic system.

The hierarchy of needs theory proposed by Abraham Maslow posits that individuals are motivated by fulfilling basic needs before pursuing higher-level needs.

Confirmation bias is the cognitive bias where individuals selectively recall or interpret information that confirms their existing beliefs or hypotheses.

The frontal lobe, located in the cerebral cortex, plays a critical role in executive functions including decision-making, planning, and impulse control.

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion proposes that physiological arousal and emotional experience happen simultaneously, challenging the earlier James-Lange theory.