#1
What is a basic principle of the Health Belief Model?
Perceived susceptibility and perceived severity
ExplanationPerceived susceptibility and perceived severity are key principles guiding health-related behavior change.
#2
Which type of reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior?
Negative reinforcement
ExplanationNegative reinforcement entails removing an unpleasant stimulus to reinforce and increase the likelihood of a behavior.
#3
According to the Dual Process Model of Health Behavior Change, what are the two distinct processes involved in behavior change?
Automatic and controlled processes
ExplanationThe Dual Process Model involves automatic and controlled processes as distinct elements in behavior change.
#4
What is the term for the process of gradually reducing reinforcement for a behavior until it is extinguished?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction is the gradual reduction of reinforcement for a behavior until it is extinguished, a process in behavior change.
#5
In the context of motivation, what is the term for the desire to attain a standard of excellence?
Achievement motivation
ExplanationThe desire to attain a standard of excellence is referred to as achievement motivation in the context of motivation.
#6
According to Self-Determination Theory, what are the three basic psychological needs that drive motivation?
Autonomy, competence, and relatedness
ExplanationMotivation is fueled by satisfying the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as proposed by Self-Determination Theory.
#7
Which stage of the Transtheoretical Model involves individuals actively modifying their behaviors and making efforts to sustain these changes?
Maintenance
ExplanationThe Maintenance stage in the Transtheoretical Model signifies active efforts to sustain behavior changes.
#8
What role does the concept of 'habit' play in behavior change?
Habits can support or impede behavior change
ExplanationHabits can either support or impede behavior change, highlighting their influential role in the process.
#9
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which category includes the need for self-esteem, confidence, and achievement?
Esteem needs
ExplanationEsteem needs in Maslow's Hierarchy encompass the desire for self-esteem, confidence, and achievement.
#10
In the context of motivation, what is the term for the phenomenon where individuals tend to perform better when they are being observed?
Social facilitation
ExplanationSocial facilitation refers to the phenomenon where individuals perform better when observed, a key aspect of motivation.
#11
Which theory emphasizes the role of perceived behavioral control in predicting and understanding behavior change?
Theory of Planned Behavior
ExplanationThe Theory of Planned Behavior emphasizes perceived behavioral control as critical in predicting and understanding behavior change.
#12
According to the Health Belief Model, which factor represents an individual's belief about whether adopting a recommended health action will prevent a negative consequence?
Perceived susceptibility
ExplanationPerceived susceptibility in the Health Belief Model represents an individual's belief about whether adopting a health action will prevent a negative consequence.
#13
In the context of behavior change, what does the term 'self-efficacy' refer to?
Belief in one's ability to perform a specific behavior
ExplanationSelf-efficacy refers to the belief in one's ability to successfully perform a specific behavior, influencing behavior change.
#14
According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, what is a key determinant of an individual's intention to perform a behavior?
Perceived behavioral control
ExplanationPerceived behavioral control is a crucial determinant of intention according to the Theory of Planned Behavior.
#15
What is the primary focus of the Social Cognitive Theory in understanding behavior change?
Environmental determinants
ExplanationSocial Cognitive Theory focuses on environmental determinants as primary influencers in understanding behavior change.
#16
In the context of behavior change, what does the term 'cognitive dissonance' refer to?
Inconsistency between thoughts and behaviors
ExplanationCognitive dissonance signifies the discomfort arising from inconsistency between thoughts and behaviors in the context of behavior change.
#17
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals engage in a behavior due to the expectation of receiving a reward?
Extrinsic motivation
ExplanationEngaging in a behavior due to the expectation of a reward is termed as extrinsic motivation in the context of behavior change.
#18
According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, what determines the likelihood of central route processing in persuasion?
Personal relevance
ExplanationPersonal relevance determines the likelihood of central route processing in persuasion, as proposed by the Elaboration Likelihood Model.
#19
In the context of motivation, what term describes the tendency to attribute success to internal factors and failure to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationThe self-serving bias describes the tendency to attribute success to internal factors and failure to external factors in the context of motivation.