#1
Which of the following fallacies involves attacking the person making the argument rather than the argument itself?
Ad hominem fallacy
ExplanationAttacking the person instead of the argument.
#2
In logic, what is a 'valid' argument?
An argument where the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises
ExplanationConclusion follows necessarily from premises.
#3
What is a 'sound' argument?
An argument that is valid and has true premises
ExplanationValid with true premises.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a common type of fallacy in argumentation?
Linear reasoning
ExplanationNot a common fallacy.
#5
What does the principle of charity suggest in argument evaluation?
To interpret an argument in the most favorable way possible
ExplanationInterpreting an argument favorably.
#6
Which of the following is an example of the slippery slope fallacy?
If we ban smoking in outdoor parks, next thing you know, they'll be banning smoking everywhere.
ExplanationExaggerating consequences of an action.
#7
What is the purpose of using a counterargument in an essay or debate?
To anticipate and respond to opposing viewpoints
ExplanationAnticipating and responding to opposing views.
#8
What is the difference between an inductive and a deductive argument?
Inductive arguments start with specific instances and conclude with generalizations, while deductive arguments start with generalizations and conclude with specific instances.
ExplanationInductive: specific to general; Deductive: general to specific.
#9
What is the fallacy of composition?
Assuming that what is true of a part must be true of the whole
ExplanationApplying properties of parts to the whole.
#10
In logic, what is a 'reductio ad absurdum' argument?
An argument that leads to an absurd or contradictory conclusion, demonstrating the falsity of the original proposition
ExplanationShowing falsity of proposition through absurd conclusion.
#11
What is the fallacy of equivocation?
Using a term in different senses in an argument
ExplanationUsing a term ambiguously.