#1
Who is considered the father of modern philosophy?
Rene Descartes
ExplanationDescartes laid the groundwork for much of modern philosophy with his rationalist approach.
#2
Which Enlightenment thinker is known for his work 'The Social Contract'?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
ExplanationRousseau's 'The Social Contract' discusses the idea of a social contract between citizens and their government.
#3
Which Enlightenment thinker is known for his work 'Candide'?
Voltaire
ExplanationVoltaire's 'Candide' satirizes society and explores philosophical optimism.
#4
Who is often referred to as the 'Father of Liberalism'?
John Locke
ExplanationLocke's ideas on individual rights and government laid the foundation for liberal thought.
#5
Who is known for his work 'Leviathan', which discussed the concept of the social contract?
Thomas Hobbes
ExplanationHobbes' 'Leviathan' explores the need for a powerful sovereign to maintain social order.
#6
Who coined the phrase 'I think, therefore I am'?
Rene Descartes
ExplanationDescartes famously asserted the existence of the self through the act of thinking.
#7
Which Enlightenment thinker is known for advocating for religious tolerance and separation of church and state?
Voltaire
ExplanationVoltaire championed religious tolerance and the separation of church and state in his writings.
#8
Which Enlightenment thinker is known for his work 'The Wealth of Nations'?
Adam Smith
ExplanationAdam Smith's 'The Wealth of Nations' is a seminal work on economics, advocating for free markets.
#9
Who is credited with the concept of the 'tabula rasa'?
John Locke
ExplanationLocke proposed the idea that the mind is a 'blank slate' at birth, shaped by experience.
#10
Who is known for his work 'A Treatise of Human Nature'?
David Hume
ExplanationHume's 'A Treatise of Human Nature' is a key work in empiricism and philosophy.
#11
Who famously said, 'Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains'?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
ExplanationRousseau expressed the concept of innate human freedom constrained by societal structures.
#12
Which Enlightenment thinker famously declared, 'I do not agree with what you have to say but will defend to the death your right to say it'?
Voltaire
ExplanationVoltaire championed free speech and tolerance, even for ideas he disagreed with.
#13
Who wrote the influential work 'Critique of Pure Reason'?
Immanuel Kant
ExplanationKant's 'Critique of Pure Reason' revolutionized philosophy, exploring the limits of human knowledge.
#14
Who advocated for the concept of 'separation of powers' in governance?
Baron de Montesquieu
ExplanationMontesquieu proposed the separation of powers to prevent tyranny and ensure liberty.
#15
Who advocated for the idea of a 'state of nature' in political philosophy?
Thomas Hobbes
ExplanationHobbes theorized about a state of nature characterized by chaos and the need for authority.