#1
Which Enlightenment philosopher is known for the idea of the social contract?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
ExplanationIntroduced the concept of social contract theory, suggesting individuals surrender some rights for the common good.
#2
Which Enlightenment philosopher is often referred to as the 'Father of Classical Liberalism'?
John Locke
ExplanationConsidered the father of classical liberalism for his advocacy of individual rights and limited government.
#3
Who is known for the statement 'Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains'?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
ExplanationHighlighted the disparity between natural freedom and societal constraints, emphasizing the need for social contracts.
#4
Which Enlightenment philosopher is known for his work 'Candide' that satirized optimism and the philosophical idea of 'the best of all possible worlds'?
Voltaire
ExplanationCritiqued the optimism of Leibniz's philosophy through satire, highlighting the absurdity of blind optimism.
#5
Who famously declared 'I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it'?
Voltaire
ExplanationEmphasized the importance of freedom of speech and expression, even for dissenting or unpopular views.
#6
Which philosopher argued for the separation of powers in government?
Montesquieu
ExplanationAdvocated for the separation of government powers into legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent tyranny.
#7
Who wrote 'Two Treatises of Government', advocating for natural rights and limited government?
John Locke
ExplanationChampioned natural rights theory, asserting rights to life, liberty, and property, influencing modern concepts of democracy.
#8
Which philosopher is famous for the concept of 'tabula rasa', suggesting that individuals are born without innate ideas?
John Locke
ExplanationProposed the idea of the mind as a blank slate, emphasizing experience and environment over inherent characteristics.
#9
Who famously wrote 'The Leviathan', advocating for a strong central authority to prevent chaos?
Thomas Hobbes
ExplanationArgued for a powerful sovereign to maintain order and prevent the 'state of nature' from descending into chaos.
#10
Which Enlightenment philosopher is known for the phrase 'I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it'?
Voltaire
ExplanationChampioned freedom of speech and expression as essential liberties, despite disagreement with opinions.
#11
Who argued for the idea of 'the general will' in political decision-making?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
ExplanationAdvocated for the general will, asserting political legitimacy arises from the collective will of the people.
#12
Which philosopher promoted the idea of religious tolerance and criticized religious intolerance in his works?
Voltaire
ExplanationAdvocated for religious tolerance and criticized religious persecution, influencing modern concepts of freedom of religion.
#13
Who advocated for the separation of church and state, arguing against the influence of religion in government affairs?
Voltaire
ExplanationArgued for secular governance, advocating for the autonomy of the state from religious interference.
#14
Which philosopher advocated for the idea of 'civil liberties' and the limitation of government power to prevent tyranny?
Montesquieu
ExplanationArgued for the separation of powers and checks on governmental authority to prevent despotism and protect individual liberties.