#1
Which of the following is not a sign of respiratory distress?
Bradypnea
ExplanationSlow breathing rate, unlike the rapid breathing typically seen in respiratory distress.
#2
What is the primary goal of emergency airway management?
To maintain oxygenation and ventilation
ExplanationEnsuring the patient continues to breathe adequately and receive enough oxygen.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of upper airway obstruction?
Pneumothorax
ExplanationA pneumothorax affects the lungs, not the upper airway.
#4
What is the recommended technique for opening the airway in an unconscious patient?
Jaw thrust
ExplanationA method of lifting the tongue and opening the airway without tilting the head.
#5
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of impending respiratory failure?
Increased respiratory rate
ExplanationThe body's attempt to compensate for inadequate oxygenation or ventilation.
#6
What is the primary cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
Sepsis
ExplanationA systemic infection leading to widespread inflammation and lung injury.
#7
Which of the following is not an indication for endotracheal intubation?
Surgical airway
ExplanationEndotracheal intubation is not typically done for establishing a surgical airway.
#8
What is the preferred method to confirm endotracheal tube placement?
Capnography
ExplanationMonitoring carbon dioxide levels in exhaled breath to confirm proper placement.
#9
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a 'can't intubate, can't oxygenate' scenario?
Inability to insert an endotracheal tube
ExplanationWhen attempts to intubate the trachea fail and oxygenation cannot be achieved.
#10
What is the purpose of a bougie in difficult airway management?
To guide the endotracheal tube into the trachea
ExplanationA tool used to assist in navigating the endotracheal tube into the trachea during difficult intubations.
#11
Which of the following is an indication for the use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV)?
Acute exacerbation of COPD
ExplanationA condition where NIPPV is commonly used to support breathing.
#12
What is the purpose of a cricoid pressure during endotracheal intubation?
To reduce the risk of aspiration
ExplanationApplying pressure to the cricoid cartilage to prevent regurgitation of stomach contents into the lungs.
#13
Which of the following medications is commonly used to induce rapid sequence intubation?
Suxamethonium
ExplanationA neuromuscular blocking agent used for rapid and short duration paralysis.
#14
Which of the following is a complication associated with bag-mask ventilation?
Barotrauma
ExplanationDamage to the lungs caused by excessive pressure during bag-mask ventilation.
#15
What is the most appropriate initial intervention for a patient with suspected tension pneumothorax?
Needle decompression
ExplanationRelieving pressure in the chest cavity by inserting a needle into the pleural space.
#16
Which of the following is a potential complication of cricothyroidotomy?
Subcutaneous emphysema
ExplanationAir leaking into the tissues under the skin around the neck.
#17
Which of the following is a complication of prolonged bag-mask ventilation?
Hypercapnia
ExplanationBuildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream due to inadequate ventilation.
#18
Which of the following conditions is a relative contraindication for rapid sequence intubation?
Agitation
ExplanationPatient movement or agitation can complicate the intubation procedure.