Ecology and Food Chains Quiz

Highest consumer level, often predators at top of food chains.

Feed directly on producers, such as plants.

Living factors influencing ecosystems.

Feed on primary consumers, one step higher in the food chain.

Consists of individuals of the same species in a defined area.

Non-living factors shaping ecosystems.

Richness and variety of species in an ecosystem.

Conversion of light energy to chemical energy, releasing oxygen.

Recycles nutrients by decomposing dead organisms.

Initiates photosynthesis, providing energy for ecosystems.

Plant's water loss through leaves.

Break down organic material, recycling nutrients.

Defines energy transfer between levels in a food chain.

Feeds on dead and decaying organic matter, aiding in decomposition.

Movement of carbon atoms through the biosphere.

One benefits, other neither helped nor harmed in commensal relationships.

Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia or related compounds.

Derived from chemical reactions, often around hydrothermal vents.

Quick colonization of disturbed areas with high reproductive capacity.

Lost as heat or used for metabolism, so decreases in trophic levels.

Exert strong influence on ecosystem structure, disproportionate to abundance.

Density-independent factors like weather affect populations uniformly.

Predator abundance affects prey populations, cascading through the ecosystem.

Mechanical or chemical breakdown of phosphorus-containing minerals.

Starts from barren land without soil or life.